Abstract
SummaryA two-season pot experiment was conducted on Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants to evaluate their response to 1.0 mM salicylic acid (SA) in a growing medium contaminated with 0.25 or 0.50 mM Cd2+ ions. Plants were sampled for growth measurements and chemical analyses 45 d after sowing, and to measure the yield of beans at the end of each experiment. Exposing plants to either concentration of Cd2+ ions resulted in significant declines in growth, pigment concentrations, relative water content, and nutrient concentrations, and in chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and the performance index (PI) of photosynthesis. However, 1.0 mM SA mitigated Cd2+ ion stress and significantly improved each of these parameters. Both Cd2+ ion treatments increased proline and Cd2+ ion concentrations, electrolyte leakage, and lipid peroxidation (measured as malondialdehyde concentration). However, 1.0 mM SA attenuated the adverse effects of Cd2+ ions on these characteristics. Cd2+-induced increases in the activities of several key anti-oxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were reduced following the exogenous application of 1.0 mM SA.These results confirm that the application of 1.0 mM SA could be used to reduce the adverse effects of Cd2+ ion toxicity in bean plants.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Cd2+ exposure significantly reduced growth, pigment concentrations, relative water content.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Phaseolus vulgarise0 - Treatment
- Cd2+ ionse1
- Outcome
- growth, pigment concentrations, relative water contente1
- Direction
- declinese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants”
e1“Exposing plants to either concentration of Cd2+ ions resulted in significant declines in growth, pigment concentrations, relative water content, and nutrient concentrations, and in chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and the performance index (PI) of photosynthesis.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd2+ exposure significantly reduced nutrient concentrations, and in chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm).
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Cd2+ ionse1
- Outcome
- nutrient concentrations, and in chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm)e1
- Direction
- declinese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants”
e1“Exposing plants to either concentration of Cd2+ ions resulted in significant declines in growth, pigment concentrations, relative water content, and nutrient concentrations, and in chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and the performance index (PI) of photosynthesis.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd2+ exposure significantly reduced performance index (PI) of photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Cd2+ ionse1
- Outcome
- performance index (PI) of photosynthesise1
- Direction
- declinese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants”
e1“Exposing plants to either concentration of Cd2+ ions resulted in significant declines in growth, pigment concentrations, relative water content, and nutrient concentrations, and in chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and the performance index (PI) of photosynthesis.”
Claim · model-written summary
SA under Cd2+ stress significantly improved growth, pigment concentrations, relative water content.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- 1.0 mM SAe2
- Outcome
- growth, pigment concentrations, relative water contente1
- Direction
- improvede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants”
e1“Exposing plants to either concentration of Cd2+ ions resulted in significant declines in growth, pigment concentrations, relative water content, and nutrient concentrations, and in chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and the performance index (PI) of photosynthesis.”
e2“However, 1.0 mM SA mitigated Cd2+ ion stress and significantly improved each of these parameters.”
Claim · model-written summary
SA under Cd2+ stress significantly improved nutrient concentrations, and in chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm).
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- 1.0 mM SAe2
- Outcome
- nutrient concentrations, and in chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm)e1
- Direction
- improvede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants”
e1“Exposing plants to either concentration of Cd2+ ions resulted in significant declines in growth, pigment concentrations, relative water content, and nutrient concentrations, and in chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and the performance index (PI) of photosynthesis.”
e2“However, 1.0 mM SA mitigated Cd2+ ion stress and significantly improved each of these parameters.”
Claim · model-written summary
SA under Cd2+ stress significantly improved performance index (PI) of photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- 1.0 mM SAe2
- Outcome
- performance index (PI) of photosynthesise1
- Direction
- improvede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants”
e1“Exposing plants to either concentration of Cd2+ ions resulted in significant declines in growth, pigment concentrations, relative water content, and nutrient concentrations, and in chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and the performance index (PI) of photosynthesis.”
e2“However, 1.0 mM SA mitigated Cd2+ ion stress and significantly improved each of these parameters.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd2+ treatments increased proline and Cd2+ ion concentrations.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Cd2+ ion treatmentse3
- Outcome
- proline and Cd2+ ion concentrationse3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants”
e3“Both Cd2+ ion treatments increased proline and Cd2+ ion concentrations, electrolyte leakage, and lipid peroxidation (measured as malondialdehyde concentration).”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd2+ treatments increased electrolyte leakage, and lipid peroxidation.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Cd2+ ion treatmentse3
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakage, and lipid peroxidatione3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants”
e3“Both Cd2+ ion treatments increased proline and Cd2+ ion concentrations, electrolyte leakage, and lipid peroxidation (measured as malondialdehyde concentration).”
Claim · model-written summary
SA attenuated the adverse Cd2+ effects on proline and Cd2+ ion concentrations.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- 1.0 mM SAe4
- Outcome
- proline and Cd2+ ion concentrationse3
- Direction
- attenuatede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants”
e3“Both Cd2+ ion treatments increased proline and Cd2+ ion concentrations, electrolyte leakage, and lipid peroxidation (measured as malondialdehyde concentration).”
e4“However, 1.0 mM SA attenuated the adverse effects of Cd2+ ions on these characteristics.”
Claim · model-written summary
SA attenuated the adverse Cd2+ effects on electrolyte leakage, and lipid peroxidation.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- 1.0 mM SAe4
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakage, and lipid peroxidatione3
- Direction
- attenuatede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants”
e3“Both Cd2+ ion treatments increased proline and Cd2+ ion concentrations, electrolyte leakage, and lipid peroxidation (measured as malondialdehyde concentration).”
e4“However, 1.0 mM SA attenuated the adverse effects of Cd2+ ions on these characteristics.”
Claim · model-written summary
SA reduced Cd2+-induced activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- 1.0 mM SAe5
- Gene
- superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidasee5
- Outcome
- activities of several key anti-oxidant enzymese5
- Direction
- reducede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants”
e5“Cd2+-induced increases in the activities of several key anti-oxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were reduced following the exogenous application of 1.0 mM SA.”
Claim · model-written summary
SA reduced Cd2+-induced glutathione reductase activity.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- 1.0 mM SAe5
- Gene
- glutathione reductasee5
- Outcome
- activities of several key anti-oxidant enzymese5
- Direction
- reducede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants”
e5“Cd2+-induced increases in the activities of several key anti-oxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were reduced following the exogenous application of 1.0 mM SA.”
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See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.