Abstract
SummaryA two-season pot experiment was conducted on Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants to evaluate their response to 1.0 mM salicylic acid (SA) in a growing medium contaminated with 0.25 or 0.50 mM Cd2+ ions. Plants were sampled for growth measurements and chemical analyses 45 d after sowing, and to measure the yield of beans at the end of each experiment. Exposing plants to either concentration of Cd2+ ions resulted in significant declines in growth, pigment concentrations, relative water content, and nutrient concentrations, and in chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and the performance index (PI) of photosynthesis. However, 1.0 mM SA mitigated Cd2+ ion stress and significantly improved each of these parameters. Both Cd2+ ion treatments increased proline and Cd2+ ion concentrations, electrolyte leakage, and lipid peroxidation (measured as malondialdehyde concentration). However, 1.0 mM SA attenuated the adverse effects of Cd2+ ions on these characteristics. Cd2+-induced increases in the activities of several key anti-oxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were reduced following the exogenous application of 1.0 mM SA.These results confirm that the application of 1.0 mM SA could be used to reduce the adverse effects of Cd2+ ion toxicity in bean plants.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Cd2+ ions significantly reduced growth, pigment concentrations and relative water content of bean plants.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgarise0 - Treatment
- Cd2+ ionse1
- Outcome
- growth, pigment concentrations, relative water contente1
- Direction
- significant declinese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“conducted on Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants”
e1“Exposing plants to either concentration of Cd2+ ions resulted in significant declines in growth, pigment concentrations, relative water content, and nutrient concentrations, and in chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and the performance index (PI) of photosynthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd2+ ions significantly reduced nutrient concentrations of bean plants.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Cd2+ ionse1
- Outcome
- nutrient concentrationse1
- Direction
- significant declinese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“conducted on Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants”
e1“Exposing plants to either concentration of Cd2+ ions resulted in significant declines in growth, pigment concentrations, relative water content, and nutrient concentrations, and in chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and the performance index (PI) of photosynthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd2+ ion treatments increased proline and Cd2+ ion concentrations in bean plants.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Cd2+ ion treatmentse2
- Outcome
- proline and Cd2+ ion concentrationse2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“conducted on Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants”
e2“Both Cd2+ ion treatments increased proline and Cd2+ ion concentrations, electrolyte leakage, and lipid peroxidation (measured as malondialdehyde concentration)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cd2+ ion treatments increased electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation, measured as malondialdehyde concentration.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Cd2+ ion treatmentse2
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakage, and lipid peroxidatione2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- measured as malondialdehyde concentratione2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“conducted on Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants”
e2“Both Cd2+ ion treatments increased proline and Cd2+ ion concentrations, electrolyte leakage, and lipid peroxidation (measured as malondialdehyde concentration)”
Claim · model-written summary
1.0 mM SA mitigated Cd2+ ion stress in bean plants.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- 1.0 mM SAe3
- Outcome
- Cd2+ ion stresse3
- Direction
- mitigatede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“conducted on Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants”
e3“1.0 mM SA mitigated Cd2+ ion stress and significantly improved each of these parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
1.0 mM SA significantly improved growth, pigment concentrations and relative water content under Cd2+ stress.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- 1.0 mM SAe3
- Outcome
- growth, pigment concentrations, relative water contente1
- Direction
- significantly improvede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“conducted on Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants”
e1“Exposing plants to either concentration of Cd2+ ions resulted in significant declines in growth, pigment concentrations, relative water content, and nutrient concentrations, and in chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and the performance index (PI) of photosynthesis”
e3“1.0 mM SA mitigated Cd2+ ion stress and significantly improved each of these parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
1.0 mM SA significantly improved nutrient concentrations under Cd2+ stress.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- 1.0 mM SAe3
- Outcome
- nutrient concentrationse1
- Direction
- significantly improvede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“conducted on Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants”
e1“Exposing plants to either concentration of Cd2+ ions resulted in significant declines in growth, pigment concentrations, relative water content, and nutrient concentrations, and in chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and the performance index (PI) of photosynthesis”
e3“1.0 mM SA mitigated Cd2+ ion stress and significantly improved each of these parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
1.0 mM SA significantly improved chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and the performance index of photosynthesis under Cd2+ stress.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- 1.0 mM SAe3
- Outcome
- chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and the performance index (PI) of photosynthesise1
- Direction
- significantly improvede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“conducted on Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants”
e1“Exposing plants to either concentration of Cd2+ ions resulted in significant declines in growth, pigment concentrations, relative water content, and nutrient concentrations, and in chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and the performance index (PI) of photosynthesis”
e3“1.0 mM SA mitigated Cd2+ ion stress and significantly improved each of these parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous 1.0 mM SA reduced the Cd-induced increases in antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- exogenous application of 1.0 mM SAe5
- Outcome
- activities of several key anti-oxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductasee5
- Direction
- reducede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“conducted on Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants”
e5“Cd2+-induced increases in the activities of several key anti-oxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase were reduced following the exogenous application of 1.0 mM SA”
Claim · model-written summary
1.0 mM SA attenuated the adverse effects of Cd2+ ions on bean plants.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- 1.0 mM SAe4
- Outcome
- adverse effects of Cd2+ ionse4
- Direction
- attenuatede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“conducted on Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants”
e4“1.0 mM SA attenuated the adverse effects of Cd2+ ions on these characteristics”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 1.0 mM SA could be used to reduce the adverse effects of Cd2+ toxicity in bean plants.
Verbatim
e6“These results confirm that the application of 1.0 mM SA could be used to reduce the adverse effects of Cd2+ ion toxicity in bean plants”
The same questions in other papers
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salicylic acid · physiology: water · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.