Abstract
In this study, kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) was used as experiment-material, and effects of lanthanum on growth and metabolism of kidney bean seedling under cadmium stress was studied by water culture. The results showed that kidney bean seedling was chronically harmed by 30 mumol.L-1 Cd2+, however, its height and main root were reduced about 31.1% and 39.2%, meanwhile, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of leaf, stem and root were decreased 48.0%, 42.7%, 29.6%, 61.3% and 49.4% respectively. With acute damage of 50 mumol.L-1 Cd2+, physiological and biochemical characteristics of seedling changed greatly, e.g., chlorophyll content and root activity were decreased about 23.5% and 28.7%, cell membrane permeability, the malonydialdehyde (MDA) content, activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) were increased 5.58%, 28.6%, 0.6% and 7.0% respectively. And with longer treatment time, the damage became more serious. When 10 mg.L-1 La was used to spray on kidney bean seedling under cadmium stress one time, growth and metabolism of seedling was obviously reconditioned and the damage of Cd pollution was reduced. It is proved, by the experiment, that La can improve chlorophyll content(30.0%) and reduce cell membrane permeability (0.87%) and content of MDA(9.5%), and keep the activities of CAT (0.1%) and POD(1.6%) of kidney bean seedling.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
height changed by 31.1% under cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- kidney bean
Phaseolus vulgarise0 - Treatment
- 30 mumol.L-1 Cd2+e0
- Outcome
- heighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 31.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kidney bean seedling was chronically harmed by 30 mumol.L-1 Cd2+, however, its height and main root were reduced about 31.1% and 39.2%”
Claim · model-written summary
main root changed by 39.2% under cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- 30 mumol.L-1 Cd2+e0
- Outcome
- main roote0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 39.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“kidney bean seedling was chronically harmed by 30 mumol.L-1 Cd2+, however, its height and main root were reduced about 31.1% and 39.2%”
Claim · model-written summary
leaf area changed by 48.0% under cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- 30 mumol.L-1 Cd2+e1
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 48.0%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf area, fresh and dry weight of leaf, stem and root were decreased 48.0%, 42.7%, 29.6%, 61.3% and 49.4% respectively”
e1“kidney bean seedling was chronically harmed by 30 mumol.L-1 Cd2+, however, its height and main root were reduced about 31.1% and 39.2%”
Claim · model-written summary
fresh changed by 42.7% under cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- 30 mumol.L-1 Cd2+e1
- Outcome
- freshe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 42.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf area, fresh and dry weight of leaf, stem and root were decreased 48.0%, 42.7%, 29.6%, 61.3% and 49.4% respectively”
e1“kidney bean seedling was chronically harmed by 30 mumol.L-1 Cd2+, however, its height and main root were reduced about 31.1% and 39.2%”
Claim · model-written summary
dry weight of leaf changed by 29.6% under cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- 30 mumol.L-1 Cd2+e1
- Outcome
- dry weight of leafe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 29.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf area, fresh and dry weight of leaf, stem and root were decreased 48.0%, 42.7%, 29.6%, 61.3% and 49.4% respectively”
e1“kidney bean seedling was chronically harmed by 30 mumol.L-1 Cd2+, however, its height and main root were reduced about 31.1% and 39.2%”
Claim · model-written summary
stem changed by 61.3% under cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- 30 mumol.L-1 Cd2+e1
- Outcome
- steme0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 61.3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf area, fresh and dry weight of leaf, stem and root were decreased 48.0%, 42.7%, 29.6%, 61.3% and 49.4% respectively”
e1“kidney bean seedling was chronically harmed by 30 mumol.L-1 Cd2+, however, its height and main root were reduced about 31.1% and 39.2%”
Claim · model-written summary
root changed by 49.4% under cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- 30 mumol.L-1 Cd2+e1
- Outcome
- roote0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 49.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaf area, fresh and dry weight of leaf, stem and root were decreased 48.0%, 42.7%, 29.6%, 61.3% and 49.4% respectively”
e1“kidney bean seedling was chronically harmed by 30 mumol.L-1 Cd2+, however, its height and main root were reduced about 31.1% and 39.2%”
Claim · model-written summary
chlorophyll content changed by 23.5% under cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- 50 mumol.L-1 Cd2+e0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 23.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With acute damage of 50 mumol.L-1 Cd2+, physiological and biochemical characteristics of seedling changed greatly, e.g., chlorophyll content and root activity were decreased about 23.5% and 28.7%”
e1“kidney bean seedling was chronically harmed by 30 mumol.L-1 Cd2+, however, its height and main root were reduced about 31.1% and 39.2%”
Claim · model-written summary
root activity changed by 28.7% under cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- 50 mumol.L-1 Cd2+e0
- Outcome
- root activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 28.7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With acute damage of 50 mumol.L-1 Cd2+, physiological and biochemical characteristics of seedling changed greatly, e.g., chlorophyll content and root activity were decreased about 23.5% and 28.7%”
e1“kidney bean seedling was chronically harmed by 30 mumol.L-1 Cd2+, however, its height and main root were reduced about 31.1% and 39.2%”
Claim · model-written summary
cell membrane permeability changed by 5.58% under cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- 50 mumol.L-1 Cd2+e2
- Outcome
- cell membrane permeabilitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 5.58%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cell membrane permeability, the malonydialdehyde (MDA) content, activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) were increased 5.58%, 28.6%, 0.6% and 7.0% respectively”
e1“kidney bean seedling was chronically harmed by 30 mumol.L-1 Cd2+, however, its height and main root were reduced about 31.1% and 39.2%”
e2“With acute damage of 50 mumol.L-1 Cd2+, physiological and biochemical characteristics of seedling changed greatly, e.g., chlorophyll content and root activity were decreased about 23.5% and 28.7%”
Claim · model-written summary
malonydialdehyde (MDA) content changed by 28.6% under cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- 50 mumol.L-1 Cd2+e2
- Outcome
- malonydialdehyde (MDA) contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 28.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cell membrane permeability, the malonydialdehyde (MDA) content, activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) were increased 5.58%, 28.6%, 0.6% and 7.0% respectively”
e1“kidney bean seedling was chronically harmed by 30 mumol.L-1 Cd2+, however, its height and main root were reduced about 31.1% and 39.2%”
e2“With acute damage of 50 mumol.L-1 Cd2+, physiological and biochemical characteristics of seedling changed greatly, e.g., chlorophyll content and root activity were decreased about 23.5% and 28.7%”
Claim · model-written summary
activities of catalase (CAT) changed by 0.6% under cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- 50 mumol.L-1 Cd2+e2
- Outcome
- activities of catalase (CAT)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 0.6%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cell membrane permeability, the malonydialdehyde (MDA) content, activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) were increased 5.58%, 28.6%, 0.6% and 7.0% respectively”
e1“kidney bean seedling was chronically harmed by 30 mumol.L-1 Cd2+, however, its height and main root were reduced about 31.1% and 39.2%”
e2“With acute damage of 50 mumol.L-1 Cd2+, physiological and biochemical characteristics of seedling changed greatly, e.g., chlorophyll content and root activity were decreased about 23.5% and 28.7%”
Claim · model-written summary
peroxidase (POD) changed by 7.0% under cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- 50 mumol.L-1 Cd2+e2
- Outcome
- peroxidase (POD)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7.0%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cell membrane permeability, the malonydialdehyde (MDA) content, activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) were increased 5.58%, 28.6%, 0.6% and 7.0% respectively”
e1“kidney bean seedling was chronically harmed by 30 mumol.L-1 Cd2+, however, its height and main root were reduced about 31.1% and 39.2%”
e2“With acute damage of 50 mumol.L-1 Cd2+, physiological and biochemical characteristics of seedling changed greatly, e.g., chlorophyll content and root activity were decreased about 23.5% and 28.7%”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium damage became more serious with longer treatment.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“And with longer treatment time, the damage became more serious.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lanthanum spray reduced cadmium damage.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- 10 mg.L-1 Lae0
- Outcome
- damage of Cd pollutione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When 10 mg.L-1 La was used to spray on kidney bean seedling under cadmium stress one time, growth and metabolism of seedling was obviously reconditioned and the damage of Cd pollution was reduced.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lanthanum changed chlorophyll content by 30.0%.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Lae0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- improvee0
- Value
- 30.0%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“La can improve chlorophyll content(30.0%) and reduce cell membrane permeability (0.87%) and content of MDA(9.5%), and keep the activities of CAT (0.1%) and POD(1.6%) of kidney bean seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Lanthanum changed cell membrane permeability by 0.87%.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Lae0
- Outcome
- cell membrane permeabilitye0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Value
- 0.87%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“La can improve chlorophyll content(30.0%) and reduce cell membrane permeability (0.87%) and content of MDA(9.5%), and keep the activities of CAT (0.1%) and POD(1.6%) of kidney bean seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Lanthanum changed content of MDA by 9.5%.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Lae0
- Outcome
- content of MDAe0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Value
- 9.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“La can improve chlorophyll content(30.0%) and reduce cell membrane permeability (0.87%) and content of MDA(9.5%), and keep the activities of CAT (0.1%) and POD(1.6%) of kidney bean seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Lanthanum changed activities of CAT by 0.1%.
- Taxon
- kidney beanPhaseolus vulgarise0
- Treatment
- Lae0
- Outcome
- activities of CATe0
- Direction
- keepe0
- Value
- 0.1%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“La can improve chlorophyll content(30.0%) and reduce cell membrane permeability (0.87%) and content of MDA(9.5%), and keep the activities of CAT (0.1%) and POD(1.6%) of kidney bean seedling”
Claim · model-written summary
Lanthanum changed POD by 1.6%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“La can improve chlorophyll content(30.0%) and reduce cell membrane permeability (0.87%) and content of MDA(9.5%), and keep the activities of CAT (0.1%) and POD(1.6%) of kidney bean seedling”
The same questions in other papers
cadmium(2+) · physiology: pigments · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
cadmium(2+) · growth · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
cadmium(2+) · physiology: oxidative · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.