Abstract
Waterlogging is the constraint for soybean growth and yield, because soybean is often cultivated in upland fields converted from paddy in Japan. However, efficient cultivation techniques for alleviating the adverse effects have not been developed. We have proposed the new soybean cultivation technique named crack fertilization which enables yield increase due to enhancing new root growth and N acquisition by increasing nodulation. Waterlogging induces N deficiency due to the suppression of nutrient uptake by the inhibition of root growth and nodule activity. Thus, it is hypothesized that crack fertilization would be effective to alleviate the inhibition of soybean growth and yield. The soybean cultivar of Sachiyutaka was planted in 1/5000 a Wagner pots and root boxes. Two separate waterlogging treatments were imposed to soybean plants at different growth stages, V1 and R4, and crack fertilization was done at V3. After these treatments, soybean plants were sampled at R5 in 2012 and 2013 experiments, respectively. Waterlogging at V1 and R4 inhibited the growth and yield of soybean and nodule growth, and the decreases in physiological parameters of soybean such as photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, and xylem sap exudation rate were observed. The adverse effects of waterlogging at V1 were alleviated by crack fertilization at V3, whereas crack fertilization could not alleviate the adverse effects of waterlogging at R4. Thus, crack fertilization after waterlogging at early vegetative stage would be the cultivation technique that enables to alleviate the adverse effects.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging at V1 inhibited growth and yield of soybean.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Waterlogginge2
- Outcome
- growth and yield of soybeane1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Qualifier
- V1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“growth inhibition of soybean caused by short-term waterlogging”
e1“Waterlogging at V1 and R4 inhibited the growth and yield of soybean and nodule growth”
e2“Waterlogging at V1 and R4 inhibited the growth and yield of soybean and nodule growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging at V1 inhibited nodule growth.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Waterlogginge2
- Outcome
- nodule growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Qualifier
- V1e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“growth inhibition of soybean caused by short-term waterlogging”
e1“Waterlogging at V1 and R4 inhibited the growth and yield of soybean and nodule growth”
e2“Waterlogging at V1 and R4 inhibited the growth and yield of soybean and nodule growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging at R4 inhibited growth and yield of soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Waterlogginge2
- Outcome
- growth and yield of soybeane1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Qualifier
- R4e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“growth inhibition of soybean caused by short-term waterlogging”
e1“Waterlogging at V1 and R4 inhibited the growth and yield of soybean and nodule growth”
e2“Waterlogging at V1 and R4 inhibited the growth and yield of soybean and nodule growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging at R4 inhibited nodule growth.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Waterlogginge2
- Outcome
- nodule growthe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
- Qualifier
- R4e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“growth inhibition of soybean caused by short-term waterlogging”
e1“Waterlogging at V1 and R4 inhibited the growth and yield of soybean and nodule growth”
e2“Waterlogging at V1 and R4 inhibited the growth and yield of soybean and nodule growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging reduced soybean photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Waterlogginge2
- Outcome
- photosynthesise1
- Direction
- decreasese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“growth inhibition of soybean caused by short-term waterlogging”
e1“decreases in physiological parameters of soybean such as photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, and xylem sap exudation rate”
e2“Waterlogging at V1 and R4 inhibited the growth and yield of soybean and nodule growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging reduced soybean chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Waterlogginge2
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente1
- Direction
- decreasese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“growth inhibition of soybean caused by short-term waterlogging”
e1“decreases in physiological parameters of soybean such as photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, and xylem sap exudation rate”
e2“Waterlogging at V1 and R4 inhibited the growth and yield of soybean and nodule growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Waterlogging reduced soybean xylem sap exudation rate.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Waterlogginge2
- Outcome
- xylem sap exudation ratee1
- Direction
- decreasese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“growth inhibition of soybean caused by short-term waterlogging”
e1“decreases in physiological parameters of soybean such as photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, and xylem sap exudation rate”
e2“Waterlogging at V1 and R4 inhibited the growth and yield of soybean and nodule growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Crack fertilization at V3 alleviated adverse effects of V1 waterlogging.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- crack fertilization at V3e1
- Outcome
- adverse effects of waterlogging at V1e1
- Direction
- alleviatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“growth inhibition of soybean caused by short-term waterlogging”
e1“The adverse effects of waterlogging at V1 were alleviated by crack fertilization at V3”
e2“Waterlogging at V1 and R4 inhibited the growth and yield of soybean and nodule growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Crack fertilization did not alleviate adverse effects of R4 waterlogging.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- crack fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- adverse effects of waterlogging at R4e1
- Direction
- could not alleviatee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“growth inhibition of soybean caused by short-term waterlogging”
e1“crack fertilization could not alleviate the adverse effects of waterlogging at R4”
e2“Waterlogging at V1 and R4 inhibited the growth and yield of soybean and nodule growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend crack fertilization after early-vegetative waterlogging to alleviate adverse effects.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- crack fertilization after waterlogging at early vegetative stagee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“growth inhibition of soybean caused by short-term waterlogging”
e1“crack fertilization after waterlogging at early vegetative stage would be the cultivation technique that enables to alleviate the adverse effects”
e2“Waterlogging at V1 and R4 inhibited the growth and yield of soybean and nodule growth”
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