Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) is generally considered sensitive to flooding stress. Data on relative sensitivities of biomass accumulation and N2 fixation to flooding stress, however, are limited. Additionally, it is not clear why plants dependent on N2 fixation appear to be more flood-sensitive than plants supplemented with inorganic N. This study evaluated the response to flooding and N source of biomass and N accumulation in various soybean genotypes. Soybean plants were grown in a potting mixture in a greenhouse and flooded for 21 d in degassed nutrient solution. An additional experiment evaluated root hypoxia by exposing roots of plants to a gas mixture supplying 1.5 kPa pO2. Dry matter and N were determined at various times following the initiation of flood or low O2 treatment. In all experiments, N2 fixation was more sensitive to flooding than was biomass accumulation. The decrease in N2 fixation occurred faster (within 7 d of flooding) than the decrease in biomass (within 14–21 d), and the decrease in N2 fixation was more pronounced than the decrease in biomass. Addition of nitrate decreased flood sensitivity relative to plants dependent on N2 fixation. Plant response to hypoxia was similar to flooding. Biomass of plants with roots exposed to 1.5 kPa pO2 was decreased by 34% when dependent on N2 fixation and 12% when supplemented with nitrate. Collectively, the data indicate that decreased soybean growth under flooding is a result of decreased N2 fixation and that supplementation of soybean plants with nitrate may improve their tolerance to flooding relative to those relying on N2 fixation.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fixation was more sensitive to flooding than biomass accumulation.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- floodinge0
- Outcome
- N2 fixatione0
- Direction
- more sensitivee0
- Comparator
- biomass accumulatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N2 fixation was more sensitive to flooding than was biomass accumulation”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fixation fell within seven days of flooding, earlier than biomass declined.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- floodinge0
- Outcome
- N2 fixatione0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- within 7 de0
- Comparator
- biomasse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The decrease in N2 fixation occurred faster (within 7 d of flooding) than the decrease in biomass (within 14–21 d)”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass fell within 14–21 days of flooding.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- floodinge0
- Outcome
- biomasse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- within 14–21 de0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The decrease in N2 fixation occurred faster (within 7 d of flooding) than the decrease in biomass (within 14–21 d)”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The flooding-related decrease in nitrogen fixation was greater than the decrease in biomass.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- N2 fixatione0
- Direction
- more pronouncede0
- Comparator
- biomasse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the decrease in N2 fixation was more pronounced than the decrease in biomass”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate addition reduced flood sensitivity relative to nitrogen-fixing plants.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Addition of nitratee0
- Outcome
- flood sensitivitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- plants dependent on N2 fixatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of nitrate decreased flood sensitivity relative to plants dependent on N2 fixation”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean response to hypoxia resembled its response to flooding.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- Plant response to hypoxia was similar to floodinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant response to hypoxia was similar to flooding”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Root exposure to 1.5 kPa pO2 decreased biomass 34% in nitrogen-fixing plants.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- roots exposed to 1.5 kPa pO2e0
- Outcome
- Biomasse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 34%e0
- Qualifier
- dependent on N2 fixatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biomass of plants with roots exposed to 1.5 kPa pO2 was decreased by 34% when dependent on N2 fixation”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Root exposure to 1.5 kPa pO2 decreased biomass 12% in nitrate-supplemented plants.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- roots exposed to 1.5 kPa pO2e0
- Outcome
- Biomasse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 12%e0
- Qualifier
- supplemented with nitratee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Biomass of plants with roots exposed to 1.5 kPa pO2 was decreased by 34% when dependent on N2 fixation and 12% when supplemented with nitrate”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute reduced soybean growth under flooding to reduced nitrogen fixation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- decreased soybean growthe0
- Qualifier
- decreased N2 fixatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased soybean growth under flooding is a result of decreased N2 fixation”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest nitrate supplementation may improve soybean flood tolerance.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- supplementation of soybean plants with nitrate may improve their tolerance to floodinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“supplementation of soybean plants with nitrate may improve their tolerance to flooding relative to those relying on N2 fixation”
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