Abstract
Abstract Flood‐irrigated soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] can be exposed to extended periods of soil‐saturated conditions, depending on the producers method of application, watering capacity, and field size. Field studies were conducted on a Crowley silt loam (fine, montmorillonitic, thermic Typic Albaqualf) soil in southwest Louisiana during 1982 to 1984 to evaluate the effects of flood duration on solidseeded (i.e., nonbedded narrow rows) ‘Ransom’ soybean. Soybean was flooded at the V6 (vegetative), R2 (bloom), or R2 + R5 (bloom and pod fill) growth stages. Within each timing treatment, water was applied to a standing depth of 0.076 m and allowed to stand for 0 (nonflooded control), 1, 2, 4, or 8 d. Soybean stand density did not change as flood duration increased. Yields for individual timing treatments were generally similar when flood periods were 0, 1, or 2 d. When water was held longer than 2 d postflowering, significant yield reductions were noted in all years and were as much as 1390 and 1520 kg ha −1 in 1982, when water was applied at R2 or R2 + R5, respectively. In 1982 and 1984, when water was applied at R2 + R5, average yield reductions associated with increasing flood duration from 2 to 4 d and from 2 to 8 d were 20 and 10% higher, respectively, compared with R2 only. Increasing flood duration at V6 from 4 to 8 d decreased yields in 1982 and 1984 an average of only 340 kg ha −1 . For those 2 yr, with flood periods of 4 or 8 d, yields for soybean flooded at V6 were substantially higher than yields from the R2 or R2 + R5 treatments. Increased numbers of both seeds per pod and seeds per plant accounted for the higher yields in the V6 treatment. When flood irrigating solid‐seeded soybean after flowering, attempts should be made to remove standing water within 2 d to avoid yield reductions.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean stand density did not change with increasing flood duration.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- flood duration increasede0
- Outcome
- Soybean stand densitye0
- Direction
- did not changee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soybean stand density did not change as flood duration increased”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yields were generally similar after zero, one or two days of flooding.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- flood periods were 0, 1, or 2 de0
- Outcome
- Yieldse0
- Direction
- generally similare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yields for individual timing treatments were generally similar when flood periods were 0, 1, or 2 d”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
More than two days of postflowering flooding significantly reduced soybean yield, by as much as 1390 kg ha −1 at R2 in 1982.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- water was held longer than 2 d postfloweringe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 1390e0
- Qualifier
- R2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When water was held longer than 2 d postflowering, significant yield reductions were noted in all years and were as much as 1390 and 1520 kg ha −1 in 1982, when water was applied at R2 or R2 + R5, respectively”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
More than two days of postflowering flooding significantly reduced soybean yield, by as much as 1520 kg ha −1 at R2 + R5 in 1982.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- water was held longer than 2 d postfloweringe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 1520 kg ha −1e0
- Qualifier
- R2 + R5e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When water was held longer than 2 d postflowering, significant yield reductions were noted in all years and were as much as 1390 and 1520 kg ha −1 in 1982, when water was applied at R2 or R2 + R5, respectively”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing flood duration from two to four days at R2 + R5 produced average yield reductions 20% higher than at R2 alone in 1982 and 1984.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- increasing flood duration from 2 to 4 de0
- Outcome
- average yield reductionse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 20e0
- Qualifier
- R2 + R5e0
- Comparator
- R2 onlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1982 and 1984, when water was applied at R2 + R5, average yield reductions associated with increasing flood duration from 2 to 4 d and from 2 to 8 d were 20 and 10% higher, respectively, compared with R2 only”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing flood duration from two to eight days at R2 + R5 produced average yield reductions 10% higher than at R2 alone in 1982 and 1984.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- from 2 to 8 de0
- Outcome
- average yield reductionse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 10%e0
- Qualifier
- R2 + R5e0
- Comparator
- R2 onlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1982 and 1984, when water was applied at R2 + R5, average yield reductions associated with increasing flood duration from 2 to 4 d and from 2 to 8 d were 20 and 10% higher, respectively, compared with R2 only”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing V6 flooding from four to eight days decreased soybean yield by an average of only 340 kg ha −1 in 1982 and 1984.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- flood duration at V6 from 4 to 8 de0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 340 kg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- 4e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing flood duration at V6 from 4 to 8 d decreased yields in 1982 and 1984 an average of only 340 kg ha −1”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean yields after four or eight days of V6 flooding were substantially higher than after R2 or R2 + R5 flooding in 1982 and 1984.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- flooded at V6e0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- substantially highere0
- Comparator
- R2 or R2 + R5 treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with flood periods of 4 or 8 d, yields for soybean flooded at V6 were substantially higher than yields from the R2 or R2 + R5 treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher seed numbers per pod and per plant accounted for higher V6-treatment yields.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- higher yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- Increased numbers of both seeds per pod and seeds per plante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased numbers of both seeds per pod and seeds per plant accounted for the higher yields in the V6 treatment”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Standing water should be removed within two days after flowering during flood irrigation of solid-seeded soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- remove standing water within 2 de0
- Qualifier
- after floweringe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When flood irrigating solid‐seeded soybean after flowering, attempts should be made to remove standing water within 2 d to avoid yield reductions”
The same questions in other papers
flooding · yield · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 37 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- negative
38 papers more in this group
See all 42 papers →flooding · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
47 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
54 papers more in this group
See all 58 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.