Abstract
Oneyear old apple seedlings were inoculated with biocontrol agents i.e. Glomus mosseae (an endomycorrhiza), Laccaria laccata (an ectomycorrhiza) and Trichoderma harzianum (a fungal antagonist) alongwith Dematophora necatrix (white root rot pathogen) individually and in all possible combinations. All the biocontrol agents enhanced plant height, plant diameter, root length and plant biomass in comparison to uninoculated control or D. necatrix-infected plants. However, maximum increase was noticed in treatments where all the biocontrol agents were inoculated together. Among the individual inoculants, G. mosseae exhibited pronounced effects. After 120 days of inoculation, the disease severity in biocontrol agents inoculated seedlings ranged from 18.4 to 44.0 per cent as compared to 71.0 per cent in uninoculated control. Least disease severity was recorded in seedlings inoculated with all the three-biocontrol agents. After 120 days growth, the mycorrhizal root colonization ranged from 20.2 to 43.3 per cent with less mycorrhization in pathogen-inoculated treatments. The acid phosphate activity in apple rhizosphere was significantly higher in mycorrhiza-inoculated seedlings (32.2–54.3 µM “-nitrophenol released/g soil/hr) than non-mycorrhizal ones (14.2–29.4 µM n-nitrophenol released/g soil/hr).
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Glomus mosseae enhanced apple growth traits versus uninoculated or pathogen infected plants.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- Glomus mosseaee0
- Interactor
- Glomus mosseae
Funneliformis mosseaee0symbiont - Outcome
- plant height, plant diameter, root length and plant biomasse1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Comparator
- uninoculated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple”
e0“Glomus mosseae (an endomycorrhiza)”
e1“All the biocontrol agents enhanced plant height, plant diameter, root length and plant biomass in comparison to uninoculated control or D. necatrix-infected plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Laccaria laccata enhanced apple growth traits versus uninoculated or pathogen infected plants.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Laccaria laccatae0
- Interactor
- Laccaria laccata
Laccaria laccatae0symbiont - Outcome
- plant height, plant diameter, root length and plant biomasse1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Comparator
- uninoculated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple”
e0“Laccaria laccata (an ectomycorrhiza)”
e1“All the biocontrol agents enhanced plant height, plant diameter, root length and plant biomass in comparison to uninoculated control or D. necatrix-infected plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma harzianum enhanced apple growth traits versus uninoculated or pathogen infected plants.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Trichoderma harzianume0
- Interactor
- Trichoderma harzianum
Trichoderma harzianume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- plant height, plant diameter, root length and plant biomasse1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Comparator
- uninoculated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple”
e0“Trichoderma harzianum (a fungal antagonist)”
e1“All the biocontrol agents enhanced plant height, plant diameter, root length and plant biomass in comparison to uninoculated control or D. necatrix-infected plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined inoculation gave the greatest apple growth increase.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- all the biocontrol agents were inoculated togethere0
- Outcome
- increasee0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple”
e0“maximum increase was noticed in treatments where all the biocontrol agents were inoculated together”
Claim · model-written summary
Among single inoculants, G. mosseae had the most pronounced effects.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Interactor
- G. mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- pronounced effectse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple”
e0“Among the individual inoculants, G. mosseae exhibited pronounced effects”
Claim · model-written summary
Biocontrol inoculation reduced disease severity relative to the uninoculated control after 120 days.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- biocontrol agents inoculatede0
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Value
- 18.4 to 44.0 per cente0
- Qualifier
- 71.0 per cente0
- Comparator
- uninoculated controle0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple”
e0“After 120 days of inoculation, the disease severity in biocontrol agents inoculated seedlings ranged from 18.4 to 44.0 per cent as compared to 71.0 per cent in uninoculated control”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined inoculants had the least disease severity.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- all the three-biocontrol agentse0
- Outcome
- disease severitye0
- Direction
- Leaste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple”
e0“Least disease severity was recorded in seedlings inoculated with all the three-biocontrol agents”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal colonization ranged from 20.2 to 43.3 per cent after 120 days.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- mycorrhizal root colonizatione0
- Value
- 20.2 to 43.3 per cente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple”
e0“After 120 days growth, the mycorrhizal root colonization ranged from 20.2 to 43.3 per cent”
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogen inoculation was associated with less mycorrhization.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- pathogen-inoculated treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Dematophora necatrixDematophora necatrixe1pathogen
- Outcome
- mycorrhizatione0
- Direction
- lesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple”
e0“less mycorrhization in pathogen-inoculated treatments”
e1“Dematophora necatrix (white root rot pathogen)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal inoculation significantly raised rhizosphere acid phosphate activity.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- mycorrhiza-inoculatede0
- Outcome
- acid phosphate activity in apple rhizospheree0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 32.2–54.3 µM “-nitrophenol released/g soil/hre0
- Qualifier
- 14.2–29.4 µM n-nitrophenol released/g soil/hre0
- Comparator
- non-mycorrhizal onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“apple”
e0“The acid phosphate activity in apple rhizosphere was significantly higher in mycorrhiza-inoculated seedlings (32.2–54.3 µM “-nitrophenol released/g soil/hr) than non-mycorrhizal ones (14.2–29.4 µM n-nitrophenol released/g soil/hr)”
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See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.