Abstract
The viability of Penicillium expansum Link conidia in sporulating culture declined rapidly when exposed to 38 °C, and when conidia were exposed to 38 °C prior to inoculation of apple fruits ( Malus × domestica Borkh.), the resulting lesions were smaller than those on fruit inoculated with nonheated conidia. `Gala' apples were heated after harvest (38 °C for 4 days), pressure infiltrated with a 2% solution of CaCl 2 , or treated with the antagonist Pseudomonas syringae van Hall, alone or in combinations to reduce postharvest decay caused by Penicillium expansum . After up to 6 months in storage at 1 °C, no decay lesions developed on fruit that were heated after inoculation with P. expansum , or any combination of P. expansum , antagonist, or Ca. Parallel lots of heat-treated and nonheated fruit that were either infiltrated or not infiltrated with Ca were stored up to 6 months. They were then inoculated with P. expansum alone, or with the antagonist followed by P. expansum . Prior heat treatment did not influence lesion size. Calcium alone, the antagonist alone, and heat plus Ca all reduced the incidence of decay by ≈25%, whereas heat plus the antagonist reduced it by 70%. Calcium plus the antagonist or Ca plus the antagonist and heat reduced decay incidence by 89% and 91%, respectively. The integrated strategy of heat-treating fruit, followed by Ca infiltration and then treatment with an antagonist, may be a useful alternative to controlling postharvest decay with fungicides.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Penicillium conidial viability declined rapidly at 38 °C.
- Taxon
- Apples
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- exposed to 38 °Ce0
- Interactor
- Penicillium expansum Link
Penicillium expansume0pathogen - Outcome
- viability of Penicillium expansum Link conidiae0
- Direction
- declinede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The viability of Penicillium expansum Link conidia in sporulating culture declined rapidly when exposed to 38 °C”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Preheating Penicillium conidia before apple inoculation produced smaller lesions than nonheated conidia.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- conidia were exposed to 38 °Ce0
- Outcome
- lesionse0
- Direction
- smallere0
- Comparator
- nonheated conidiae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when conidia were exposed to 38 °C prior to inoculation of apple fruits ( Malus × domestica Borkh.), the resulting lesions were smaller than those on fruit inoculated with nonheated conidia.”
Claim · model-written summary
Post-inoculation heat treatment prevented decay lesions during storage.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- heated after inoculation with P. expansume0
- Interactor
- P. expansumPenicillium expansume0pathogen
- Outcome
- no decay lesionse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After up to 6 months in storage at 1 °C, no decay lesions developed on fruit that were heated after inoculation with P. expansum”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Prior heat treatment did not influence lesion size after storage.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Prior heat treatmente0
- Outcome
- lesion sizee0
- Direction
- did not influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prior heat treatment did not influence lesion size.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium alone reduced decay incidence by about 25%.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Calcium alonee0
- Outcome
- incidence of decaye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- ≈25%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium alone, the antagonist alone, and heat plus Ca all reduced the incidence of decay by ≈25%”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
The antagonist alone reduced decay incidence by about 25%.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- the antagonist alonee0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae van Hall
Pseudomonas syringaee1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- incidence of decaye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- ≈25%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium alone, the antagonist alone, and heat plus Ca all reduced the incidence of decay by ≈25%”
e1“Pseudomonas syringae van Hall”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat plus calcium reduced decay incidence by about 25%.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- heat plus Cae0
- Outcome
- incidence of decaye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- ≈25%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium alone, the antagonist alone, and heat plus Ca all reduced the incidence of decay by ≈25%”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Heat plus antagonist reduced decay incidence by 70%.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- heat plus the antagoniste0
- Outcome
- ite0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 70%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“heat plus the antagonist reduced it by 70%”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium plus antagonist reduced decay incidence by 89%.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Calcium plus the antagoniste0
- Outcome
- decay incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 89%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium plus the antagonist or Ca plus the antagonist and heat reduced decay incidence by 89% and 91%, respectively.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium plus antagonist and heat reduced decay incidence by 91%.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Ca plus the antagonist and heate0
- Outcome
- decay incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 91%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calcium plus the antagonist or Ca plus the antagonist and heat reduced decay incidence by 89% and 91%, respectively.”
t0“Apples”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose heat treatment, calcium infiltration and antagonist treatment as a postharvest decay control option.
- Taxon
- ApplesMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- heat-treating fruit, followed by Ca infiltration and then treatment with an antagoniste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The integrated strategy of heat-treating fruit, followed by Ca infiltration and then treatment with an antagonist, may be a useful alternative to controlling postharvest decay with fungicides.”
t0“Apples”
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See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.