Abstract
Strawberries are available throughout the year either from production in the field or from high and low tunnel culture. Diversity of production conditions results in new challenges in controlling diseases before and after harvest. Fungicides have traditionally been used to control these diseases; however, their limitations necessitate a search for new approaches. We found that UV-C irradiation of Botrytis cinerea, a major pathogen of strawberry, can effectively kill this fungus if a dark period follows the treatment. The inclusion of a 4-h dark period resulted in almost complete kill of B. cinerea conidia on agar media at a dose of 12.36 J/m2. The UV-C dose did not cause a reduction in photosynthesis in strawberry leaves or discoloration of sepals, even after exposing plants repeatedly (twice a week) for 7 weeks. Although irradiation of dry conidia of B. cinerea with this dose resulted in some survival, the conidia were not infective and not able to cause decay even when inoculated onto a highly susceptible mature apple fruit. Irradiation of strawberry pollen at 12.36 J/m2 did not affect pollen germination, tube growth and length in vitro, or germination and tube growth in the style of hand-pollinated emasculated strawberry flowers. No negative effect of the UV-C treatment was observed on fruit yield and quality in high tunnel culture. In the fruit and flower petal inoculation tests, the UV-C treatment was highly effective in reducing fruit decay and petal infection. This UV-C treatment with an exposure time of 60 s may be useful in controlling gray mold in tunnel production of strawberries and may also have the potential for use in intensive field and indoor production of other fruits and vegetables providing that a 4-h dark period follows the irradiation.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
UV-C irradiation followed by darkness effectively killed Botrytis cinerea.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassae0 - Treatment
- UV-C irradiatione0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Outcome
- kill this funguse0
- Direction
- effectively kille0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“UV-C irradiation of Botrytis cinerea, a major pathogen of strawberry, can effectively kill this fungus if a dark period follows the treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
A four-hour dark period after UV-C produced almost complete killing of B. cinerea conidia on agar at 12.36 J/m2.
- Taxon
- StrawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- 4-h dark periode0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Outcome
- kill of B. cinerea conidiae0
- Direction
- almost complete kille0
- Value
- 12.36 J/m2e0
- Setting
- agar mediae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inclusion of a 4-h dark period resulted in almost complete kill of B. cinerea conidia on agar media at a dose of 12.36 J/m2”
t0“Botrytis cinerea Conidia and Controls Gray Mold of Strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
The UV-C dose did not reduce photosynthesis in strawberry leaves after repeated plant exposure.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- UV-C dosee0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- did not cause a reductione0
- Qualifier
- twice a week) for 7 weekse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The UV-C dose did not cause a reduction in photosynthesis in strawberry leaves or discoloration of sepals, even after exposing plants repeatedly (twice a week) for 7 weeks”
Claim · model-written summary
The UV-C dose did not discolor strawberry sepals after repeated exposure.
- Taxon
- StrawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Organ / stage
- sepalse0
- Treatment
- UV-C dosee0
- Outcome
- discoloration of sepalse0
- Direction
- did not causee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The UV-C dose did not cause a reduction in photosynthesis in strawberry leaves or discoloration of sepals, even after exposing plants repeatedly (twice a week) for 7 weeks”
t0“Strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-C-irradiated dry B. cinerea conidia had some survival.
- Taxon
- StrawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- irradiation of dry conidia of B. cinereae0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Outcome
- survivale0
- Direction
- some survivale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although irradiation of dry conidia of B. cinerea with this dose resulted in some survival”
t0“Strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
The surviving irradiated B. cinerea conidia could not cause decay after inoculation onto susceptible mature apple fruit.
- Taxon
- apple
Malus domesticae0 - Organ / stage
- mature apple fruite0
- Treatment
- irradiation of dry conidia of B. cinereae1
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae1pathogen
- Outcome
- decaye0
- Direction
- not able to causee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the conidia were not infective and not able to cause decay even when inoculated onto a highly susceptible mature apple fruit”
e1“irradiation of dry conidia of B. cinerea with this dose resulted in some survival”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-C irradiation did not affect strawberry pollen germination, tube growth, or tube length in vitro.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Organ / stage
- pollene0
- Treatment
- Irradiation of strawberry pollen at 12.36 J/m2e0
- Outcome
- pollen germination, tube growth and lengthe0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
- Setting
- in vitroe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irradiation of strawberry pollen at 12.36 J/m2 did not affect pollen germination, tube growth and length in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-C irradiation did not affect strawberry pollen germination or tube growth in the style of hand-pollinated flowers.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Organ / stage
- style of hand-pollinated emasculated strawberry flowerse0
- Treatment
- Irradiation of strawberry pollen at 12.36 J/m2e0
- Outcome
- germination and tube growthe0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irradiation of strawberry pollen at 12.36 J/m2 did not affect pollen germination, tube growth and length in vitro, or germination and tube growth in the style of hand-pollinated emasculated strawberry flowers”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-C treatment showed no negative effect on strawberry fruit yield and quality in high tunnel culture.
- Taxon
- StrawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- UV-C treatmente0
- Outcome
- fruit yield and qualitye0
- Direction
- No negative effecte0
- Setting
- high tunnel culturee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No negative effect of the UV-C treatment was observed on fruit yield and quality in high tunnel culture”
t0“Strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-C treatment strongly reduced strawberry fruit decay in inoculation tests.
- Taxon
- StrawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- UV-C treatmente0
- Outcome
- fruit decaye0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedInteractorInteractor roleComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the fruit and flower petal inoculation tests, the UV-C treatment was highly effective in reducing fruit decay and petal infection”
t0“Strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-C treatment strongly reduced strawberry flower petal infection in inoculation tests.
- Taxon
- StrawberriesFragaria ×ananassat0
- Organ / stage
- flower petale0
- Treatment
- UV-C treatmente0
- Outcome
- petal infectione0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the fruit and flower petal inoculation tests, the UV-C treatment was highly effective in reducing fruit decay and petal infection”
t0“Strawberries”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose UV-C treatment with a 60-second exposure and a following four-hour dark period for gray mold control in tunnel-grown strawberries.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- UV-C treatment with an exposure time of 60 se0
- Outcome
- controlling gray molde0
- Qualifier
- a 4-h dark period follows the irradiatione0
- Setting
- tunnel productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This UV-C treatment with an exposure time of 60 s may be useful in controlling gray mold in tunnel production of strawberries and may also have the potential for use in intensive field and indoor production of other fruits and vegetables providing that a 4-h dark period follows the irradiation”
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See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.