Abstract
Cold storage is an optimal way of preventing quality deterioration in fruit crops, and this is exemplified by strawberries. However, Botrytis cinerea , the causal agent of gray mold, is cold-adaptive and can cause losses to cold-stored fruit. This study evaluated the regulatory effects of the spectral quality of light on the fungal growth in vitro, and the development of gray mold on postharvest strawberries at both ambient (21 ℃) and cold (4 ℃) temperatures. None of the light qualities tested (white, blue, green, or red) significantly affected colony growth of B. cinerea compared with the dark conditions in which they were tested at 21 ℃. In fungal cultures kept at 4 ℃, blue light significantly retarded colony expansion compared to other light conditions and darkness. Moreover, blue light and cold conditions can synergistically result in an increased number of septa, hyphal abnormality and intracellular vacuoles. An enhanced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was also observed in fungal hypha exposed to blue light under cold conditions. Infection assay on strawberries demonstrated that blue light caused insignificant and significant suppressive effects at 21 ℃ and 4 ℃, respectively. In addition, blue-light caused significant weight loss in strawberries compared with all other treatments. Consequently, blue-light illumination under cold conditions may result in oxidative stress to the B. cinerea cells, thus preventing this cold-adaptive pathogen from causing unexpected deterioration in the stored fruit. • Potential of light quality in postharvest shelf life of strawberry was tested. • Blue light in cold storage significantly reduced gray mold severity. • Blue light in cold storage induced accumulation of ROS in Botrytis cinerea . • Blue light caused significant weight loss for strawberries stored in cold storage.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
At 21 ℃, tested light colors did not significantly alter Botrytis colony growth versus darkness.
- Taxon
- strawberry fruit
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassat0 - Treatment
- white, blue, green, or rede0
- Interactor
- B. cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Outcome
- colony growth of B. cinereae0
- Comparator
- dark conditionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“None of the light qualities tested (white, blue, green, or red) significantly affected colony growth of B. cinerea compared with the dark conditions in which they were tested at 21 ℃.”
t0“strawberry fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
At 4 ℃, blue light significantly slowed Botrytis colony expansion versus other light and darkness.
- Taxon
- strawberry fruitFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- blue lighte0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereat1pathogen
- Outcome
- colony expansione0
- Direction
- retardede0
- Comparator
- other light conditions and darknesse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In fungal cultures kept at 4 ℃, blue light significantly retarded colony expansion compared to other light conditions and darkness.”
t0“strawberry fruit”
t1“colony growth of B. cinerea compared”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue light with cold increased fungal septa, hyphal abnormality and vacuoles.
- Taxon
- strawberry fruitFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- blue light and cold conditionse0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereat1pathogen
- Outcome
- number of septa, hyphal abnormality and intracellular vacuolese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“blue light and cold conditions can synergistically result in an increased number of septa, hyphal abnormality and intracellular vacuoles.”
t0“strawberry fruit”
t1“colony growth of B. cinerea compared”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue light at cold temperature enhanced ROS accumulation in fungal hyphae.
- Taxon
- strawberry fruitFragaria ×ananassat0
- Treatment
- blue light under cold conditionse0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereat1pathogen
- Outcome
- accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“An enhanced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was also observed in fungal hypha exposed to blue light under cold conditions.”
t0“strawberry fruit”
t1“colony growth of B. cinerea compared”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue light suppression of strawberry infection at 21 ℃ was insignificant.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- blue lighte0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereat1pathogen
- Outcome
- suppressive effectse0
- Direction
- suppressivee0
- Qualifier
- 21 ℃e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Infection assay on strawberries demonstrated that blue light caused insignificant and significant suppressive effects at 21 ℃ and 4 ℃, respectively.”
t1“Botrytis cinerea , the causal agent of gray mold”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue light significantly suppressed strawberry infection at 4 ℃.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- blue lighte0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinereaBotrytis cinereat1pathogen
- Outcome
- suppressive effectse0
- Direction
- suppressivee0
- Qualifier
- 4 ℃e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Infection assay on strawberries demonstrated that blue light caused insignificant and significant suppressive effects at 21 ℃ and 4 ℃, respectively.”
t1“Botrytis cinerea , the causal agent of gray mold”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue light significantly increased strawberry weight loss versus other treatments.
- Taxon
- strawberriesFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- blue-lighte0
- Outcome
- weight losse0
- Direction
- losse0
- Comparator
- all other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“blue-light caused significant weight loss in strawberries compared with all other treatments.”
The same questions in other papers
light · Botrytis cinerea · Fragaria x ananassa (strawberry)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.