Abstract
SUMMARY The effects of inoculation with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Olomics mosseae (Nicolson & Gerdemann) Gerdemann and Trappe, fumigation of soil with methyl bromide, and addition of superphosphate (up to 60 kg P/ha) on growth and phosphorus nutrition of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Highbury) were investigated in two experiments (in 1980 and 1981 respectively) on plots that had been fallowed and recently limed. Fumigation severely reduced natural levels of infection, and slightly reduced yield of above-ground dry matter in both years. In 1981 a decrease in grain yield of about 25% was accompanied by an increase in growth of straw. Plants on fumigated plots contained appreciable amounts of bromine in shoot tissue. Inoculation increased and added P decreased infection in all treatments. In 1980 inoculation had little effect on above-ground dry matter, but it increased concentration of P in shoots especially on plots without added P. In 1981 added inoculum increased yield of grain on fumigated plots by about 0·75 t/ha at all levels of added P, but had little effect on non-fumigated plots, though responses in grain production to added P were similar with and without fumigation. Increases in yield resulting from inoculation were generally accompanied by increases in concentration of P in plant tissue. Winter barley was sown on the plots after their use for spring wheat, without further application of the fumigation, inoculation or phosphorus treatments used in those experiments, to determine any residual effects on mycorrhizal infection and on growth. The levels of mycorrhizal infection on non-fumigated, inoculated plots were relatively constant in successive crops, although numbers of propagules of mycorrhizal fungi increased significantly with time for all treatments. Infection levels on fumigated and non-inoculated plots increased in successive crops, so that the relative effects of fumigation and of inoculation declined with time. The effects of inoculation on infection levels persisted for longer than those on yields, suggesting that maximum effects of mycorrhizal infection on growth did not require the maximum levels of infection found in the roots. Harvest yields continued to respond to applied phosphorus even when uniformly high levels of infection had been established, suggesting that the ability of the root system to absorb phosphate was not greatly increased by mycorrhizal infection.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Fumigation of soil with methyl bromide severely reduced natural levels of mycorrhizal infection in wheat.
- Taxon
- spring wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- fumigation of soil with methyl bromidee0
- Outcome
- infectione1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Comparator
- natural levelse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of inoculation with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Olomics mosseae (Nicolson & Gerdemann) Gerdemann and Trappe, fumigation of soil with methyl bromide, and addition of superphosphate (up to 60 kg P/ha) on growth and phosphorus nutrition of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Highbury) were investigated in two experiments (in 1980 and 1981 respectively) on plots that had been fallowed and recently limed”
e1“Fumigation severely reduced natural levels of infection, and slightly reduced yield of above-ground dry matter in both years”
Claim · model-written summary
Fumigation slightly reduced above-ground dry matter yield of wheat in both years.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- fumigation of soil with methyl bromidee0
- Outcome
- yield of above-ground dry mattere1
- Direction
- slightly reducede1
- Qualifier
- in both yearse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of inoculation with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Olomics mosseae (Nicolson & Gerdemann) Gerdemann and Trappe, fumigation of soil with methyl bromide, and addition of superphosphate (up to 60 kg P/ha) on growth and phosphorus nutrition of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Highbury) were investigated in two experiments (in 1980 and 1981 respectively) on plots that had been fallowed and recently limed”
e1“Fumigation severely reduced natural levels of infection, and slightly reduced yield of above-ground dry matter in both years”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1981 a decrease in grain yield of about 25% was associated with an increase in straw growth.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- graine2
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- decreasee2
- Value
- about 25%e2
- Qualifier
- In 1981e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of inoculation with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Olomics mosseae (Nicolson & Gerdemann) Gerdemann and Trappe, fumigation of soil with methyl bromide, and addition of superphosphate (up to 60 kg P/ha) on growth and phosphorus nutrition of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Highbury) were investigated in two experiments (in 1980 and 1981 respectively) on plots that had been fallowed and recently limed”
e2“In 1981 a decrease in grain yield of about 25% was accompanied by an increase in growth of straw”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1981 an increase in straw growth accompanied the decrease in grain yield.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- strawe2
- Outcome
- growth of strawe2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Qualifier
- In 1981e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of inoculation with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Olomics mosseae (Nicolson & Gerdemann) Gerdemann and Trappe, fumigation of soil with methyl bromide, and addition of superphosphate (up to 60 kg P/ha) on growth and phosphorus nutrition of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Highbury) were investigated in two experiments (in 1980 and 1981 respectively) on plots that had been fallowed and recently limed”
e2“In 1981 a decrease in grain yield of about 25% was accompanied by an increase in growth of straw”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat plants on fumigated plots contained appreciable amounts of bromine in shoot tissue.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- shoot tissuee3
- Outcome
- appreciable amounts of brominee3
- Qualifier
- on fumigated plotse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of inoculation with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Olomics mosseae (Nicolson & Gerdemann) Gerdemann and Trappe, fumigation of soil with methyl bromide, and addition of superphosphate (up to 60 kg P/ha) on growth and phosphorus nutrition of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Highbury) were investigated in two experiments (in 1980 and 1981 respectively) on plots that had been fallowed and recently limed”
e3“Plants on fumigated plots contained appreciable amounts of bromine in shoot tissue”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with Olomics mosseae increased mycorrhizal infection in all treatments.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- inoculation with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Olomics mosseaee0
- Interactor
- Olomics mosseaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- infectione4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- in all treatmentse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of inoculation with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Olomics mosseae (Nicolson & Gerdemann) Gerdemann and Trappe, fumigation of soil with methyl bromide, and addition of superphosphate (up to 60 kg P/ha) on growth and phosphorus nutrition of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Highbury) were investigated in two experiments (in 1980 and 1981 respectively) on plots that had been fallowed and recently limed”
e4“Inoculation increased and added P decreased infection in all treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Added P decreased mycorrhizal infection in all treatments.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- added Pe4
- Interactor
- Olomics mosseaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- infectione4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Qualifier
- in all treatmentse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of inoculation with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Olomics mosseae (Nicolson & Gerdemann) Gerdemann and Trappe, fumigation of soil with methyl bromide, and addition of superphosphate (up to 60 kg P/ha) on growth and phosphorus nutrition of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Highbury) were investigated in two experiments (in 1980 and 1981 respectively) on plots that had been fallowed and recently limed”
e4“Inoculation increased and added P decreased infection in all treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1980 inoculation had little effect on above-ground dry matter of wheat.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- inoculatione5
- Interactor
- Olomics mosseaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- above-ground dry mattere5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
- Qualifier
- In 1980e5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of inoculation with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Olomics mosseae (Nicolson & Gerdemann) Gerdemann and Trappe, fumigation of soil with methyl bromide, and addition of superphosphate (up to 60 kg P/ha) on growth and phosphorus nutrition of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Highbury) were investigated in two experiments (in 1980 and 1981 respectively) on plots that had been fallowed and recently limed”
e5“In 1980 inoculation had little effect on above-ground dry matter, but it increased concentration of P in shoots especially on plots without added P”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1980 inoculation increased P concentration in wheat shoots, especially on plots without added P.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- inoculatione5
- Interactor
- Olomics mosseaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- concentration of P in shootse5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- especially on plots without added Pe5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of inoculation with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Olomics mosseae (Nicolson & Gerdemann) Gerdemann and Trappe, fumigation of soil with methyl bromide, and addition of superphosphate (up to 60 kg P/ha) on growth and phosphorus nutrition of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Highbury) were investigated in two experiments (in 1980 and 1981 respectively) on plots that had been fallowed and recently limed”
e5“In 1980 inoculation had little effect on above-ground dry matter, but it increased concentration of P in shoots especially on plots without added P”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1981 added inoculum increased grain yield on fumigated plots by about 0.75 t/ha at all levels of added P.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- added inoculume6
- Interactor
- Olomics mosseaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- yield of graine6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Value
- 0·75 t/hae6
- Qualifier
- at all levels of added Pe6
- Setting
- fumigated plotse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of inoculation with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Olomics mosseae (Nicolson & Gerdemann) Gerdemann and Trappe, fumigation of soil with methyl bromide, and addition of superphosphate (up to 60 kg P/ha) on growth and phosphorus nutrition of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Highbury) were investigated in two experiments (in 1980 and 1981 respectively) on plots that had been fallowed and recently limed”
e6“In 1981 added inoculum increased yield of grain on fumigated plots by about 0·75 t/ha at all levels of added P, but had little effect on non-fumigated plots, though responses in grain production to added P were similar with and without fumigation”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1981 added inoculum had little effect on grain yield on non-fumigated plots.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- added inoculume6
- Interactor
- Olomics mosseaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- yield of graine6
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede6
- Setting
- non-fumigated plotse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of inoculation with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Olomics mosseae (Nicolson & Gerdemann) Gerdemann and Trappe, fumigation of soil with methyl bromide, and addition of superphosphate (up to 60 kg P/ha) on growth and phosphorus nutrition of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Highbury) were investigated in two experiments (in 1980 and 1981 respectively) on plots that had been fallowed and recently limed”
e6“In 1981 added inoculum increased yield of grain on fumigated plots by about 0·75 t/ha at all levels of added P, but had little effect on non-fumigated plots, though responses in grain production to added P were similar with and without fumigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain production responses to added P were similar with and without fumigation.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- added Pe6
- Outcome
- responses in grain production to added Pe6
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede6
- Comparator
- without fumigatione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of inoculation with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Olomics mosseae (Nicolson & Gerdemann) Gerdemann and Trappe, fumigation of soil with methyl bromide, and addition of superphosphate (up to 60 kg P/ha) on growth and phosphorus nutrition of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Highbury) were investigated in two experiments (in 1980 and 1981 respectively) on plots that had been fallowed and recently limed”
e6“In 1981 added inoculum increased yield of grain on fumigated plots by about 0·75 t/ha at all levels of added P, but had little effect on non-fumigated plots, though responses in grain production to added P were similar with and without fumigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Increases in wheat yield from inoculation were generally accompanied by increases in P concentration in plant tissue.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- inoculatione7
- Outcome
- concentration of P in plant tissuee7
- Direction
- increasese7
- Qualifier
- generally accompaniede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of inoculation with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Olomics mosseae (Nicolson & Gerdemann) Gerdemann and Trappe, fumigation of soil with methyl bromide, and addition of superphosphate (up to 60 kg P/ha) on growth and phosphorus nutrition of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Highbury) were investigated in two experiments (in 1980 and 1981 respectively) on plots that had been fallowed and recently limed”
e7“Increases in yield resulting from inoculation were generally accompanied by increases in concentration of P in plant tissue”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal infection levels on non-fumigated, inoculated plots were relatively constant in successive crops.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- levels of mycorrhizal infectione1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Qualifier
- in successive cropse1
- Setting
- non-fumigated, inoculated plotse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of inoculation with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Olomics mosseae (Nicolson & Gerdemann) Gerdemann and Trappe, fumigation of soil with methyl bromide, and addition of superphosphate (up to 60 kg P/ha) on growth and phosphorus nutrition of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Highbury) were investigated in two experiments (in 1980 and 1981 respectively) on plots that had been fallowed and recently limed”
e1“The levels of mycorrhizal infection on non-fumigated, inoculated plots were relatively constant in successive crops, although numbers of propagules of mycorrhizal fungi increased significantly with time for all treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Numbers of mycorrhizal fungal propagules increased significantly with time for all treatments.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- numbers of propagules of mycorrhizal fungie1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- with time for all treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of inoculation with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Olomics mosseae (Nicolson & Gerdemann) Gerdemann and Trappe, fumigation of soil with methyl bromide, and addition of superphosphate (up to 60 kg P/ha) on growth and phosphorus nutrition of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Highbury) were investigated in two experiments (in 1980 and 1981 respectively) on plots that had been fallowed and recently limed”
e1“The levels of mycorrhizal infection on non-fumigated, inoculated plots were relatively constant in successive crops, although numbers of propagules of mycorrhizal fungi increased significantly with time for all treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Infection levels on fumigated and non-inoculated plots increased in successive crops.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- Infection levelse2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- in successive cropse2
- Setting
- fumigated and non-inoculated plotse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of inoculation with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Olomics mosseae (Nicolson & Gerdemann) Gerdemann and Trappe, fumigation of soil with methyl bromide, and addition of superphosphate (up to 60 kg P/ha) on growth and phosphorus nutrition of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Highbury) were investigated in two experiments (in 1980 and 1981 respectively) on plots that had been fallowed and recently limed”
e2“Infection levels on fumigated and non-inoculated plots increased in successive crops, so that the relative effects of fumigation and of inoculation declined with time”
Claim · model-written summary
The relative effects of fumigation and of inoculation declined with time.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- fumigatione2
- Outcome
- the relative effects of fumigation and of inoculatione2
- Direction
- declinede2
- Qualifier
- with timee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of inoculation with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Olomics mosseae (Nicolson & Gerdemann) Gerdemann and Trappe, fumigation of soil with methyl bromide, and addition of superphosphate (up to 60 kg P/ha) on growth and phosphorus nutrition of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Highbury) were investigated in two experiments (in 1980 and 1981 respectively) on plots that had been fallowed and recently limed”
e2“Infection levels on fumigated and non-inoculated plots increased in successive crops, so that the relative effects of fumigation and of inoculation declined with time”
Claim · model-written summary
Effects of inoculation on infection levels persisted for longer than effects on yields.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- inoculatione3
- Outcome
- effects of inoculation on infection levelse3
- Direction
- persisted for longere3
- Comparator
- those on yieldse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of inoculation with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Olomics mosseae (Nicolson & Gerdemann) Gerdemann and Trappe, fumigation of soil with methyl bromide, and addition of superphosphate (up to 60 kg P/ha) on growth and phosphorus nutrition of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Highbury) were investigated in two experiments (in 1980 and 1981 respectively) on plots that had been fallowed and recently limed”
e3“The effects of inoculation on infection levels persisted for longer than those on yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvest yields continued to respond to applied phosphorus even when uniformly high levels of infection had been established.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- applied phosphoruse4
- Outcome
- Harvest yieldse4
- Direction
- increaseinferrede4
- Qualifier
- even when uniformly high levels of infection had been establishede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of inoculation with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Olomics mosseae (Nicolson & Gerdemann) Gerdemann and Trappe, fumigation of soil with methyl bromide, and addition of superphosphate (up to 60 kg P/ha) on growth and phosphorus nutrition of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Highbury) were investigated in two experiments (in 1980 and 1981 respectively) on plots that had been fallowed and recently limed”
e4“Harvest yields continued to respond to applied phosphorus even when uniformly high levels of infection had been established”
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