Abstract
Wheat crops in southern Queensland grown on two different clay soils were studied in terms of growth, development, water economy, and uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus in a season when growing season rainfall was only 50 mm. No significant grain yield response to either nitrogen or phosphorus was detected, although growth response in the vegetative phase was apparent. Mean grain yields on the two soils were 254 and 277 g m-2. These are underestimates of yield potential because of losses due to a mouse plague. Mean yield inside metal mouse exclosures was 303 g m-2. On the higher-yielding site the water use determined from augered soil samples was 192 mm, comprising 50 mm of rain during the 139 days of crop growth and 142 mm of soil water conserved during the preceding summer. The pattern of water extraction was sequential removal of the stored water, starting from the soil surface and extending to a depth below 90 cm. Soil water potential after flowering reached well below - 15 bars. The water use efficiency for grain production was 1.58 g m-2 mm-1 of evapotranspiration, which is higher than most other reports for wheat crops found in the literature. A partial explanation for this high value is that most of the soil water (est. 86%) was transpired by the crop with only a minor proportion (14 %) lost by bare soil evaporation. In addition, the crop appeared to become progressively more adapted to water stress from early in the life cycle, and this stress resulted in slow extraction of subsoil water held at low potentials and therefore in conservation of soil water until the grain-filling phase. The results are discussed by comparing them with those of a crop grown mostly on current rainfall.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Neither nitrogen nor phosphorus produced a significant grain yield response.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- nitrogen or phosphoruse0
- Outcome
- grain yield responsee0
- Direction
- Noe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No significant grain yield response to either nitrogen or phosphorus was detected”
e1“Wheat crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Vegetative growth responded to nutrient application.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume2
- Organ / stage
- vegetative phasee0
- Treatment
- nitrogen or phosphoruse1
- Outcome
- growth responsee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“although growth response in the vegetative phase was apparent”
e1“nitrogen or phosphorus”
e2“Wheat crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean grain yields on the two soils were 254 and 277 g m-2.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Value
- 254 and 277 g m-2e0
- Setting
- two soilse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean grain yields on the two soils were 254 and 277 g m-2”
e1“Wheat crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean grain yield inside mouse exclosures was 303 g m-2.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- Mean yielde0
- Value
- 303 g m-2e0
- Setting
- inside metal mouse exclosurese0
MusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean yield inside metal mouse exclosures was 303 g m-2”
e1“Wheat crops”
e2“mouse plague”
Claim · model-written summary
Water use at the higher-yielding site was 192 mm.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- water usee0
- Value
- 192 mme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water use determined from augered soil samples was 192 mm”
e1“Wheat crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Water use comprised 50 mm of rain.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- raine0
- Value
- 50 mme0
- Qualifier
- during the 139 days of crop growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“comprising 50 mm of rain during the 139 days of crop growth”
e1“Wheat crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Water use comprised 142 mm of soil water stored during the prior summer.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- soil water conservede0
- Value
- 142 mme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“142 mm of soil water conserved during the preceding summer”
e1“Wheat crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Stored soil water was extracted sequentially from the surface to below 90 cm.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- removal of the stored watere0
- Value
- below 90 cme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sequential removal of the stored water, starting from the soil surface and extending to a depth below 90 cm”
e1“Wheat crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil water potential after flowering fell below - 15 bars.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Organ / stage
- after floweringe0
- Outcome
- Soil water potentiale0
- Value
- - 15 barse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil water potential after flowering reached well below - 15 bars”
e1“Wheat crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain water-use efficiency was 1.58 g m-2 mm-1 of evapotranspiration.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- water use efficiency for grain productione0
- Value
- 1.58 g m-2 mm-1 of evapotranspiratione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“water use efficiency for grain production was 1.58 g m-2 mm-1 of evapotranspiration”
e1“Wheat crops”
Claim · model-written summary
An estimated 86% of soil water was transpired by the crop.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- soil watere0
- Value
- 86%e0
- Qualifier
- was transpired by the crope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“most of the soil water (est. 86%) was transpired by the crop”
e1“Wheat crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Bare soil evaporation accounted for 14 % of water use.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- bare soil evaporatione0
- Value
- 14 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only a minor proportion (14 %) lost by bare soil evaporation”
e1“Wheat crops”
Claim · model-written summary
The crop appeared to adapt progressively to water stress.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- adapted to water stresse0
- Qualifier
- appearede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“crop appeared to become progressively more adapted to water stress from early in the life cycle”
e1“Wheat crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress was interpreted as slowing subsoil-water extraction and conserving water until grain filling.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- conservation of soil watere0
- Qualifier
- slow extraction of subsoil watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stress resulted in slow extraction of subsoil water held at low potentials and therefore in conservation of soil water until the grain-filling phase”
e1“Wheat crops”
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See all 2,061 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.