Abstract
Abstract The effects of a new packaging method of sealing individual fruits in film of highdensity polyethylene (HDPE), on decay control and the residue levels of various fungicides applied to the fruit, were investigated with four different citrus cultivars. HDPE seal‐packaging by itself reduced the decay of Marsh grapefruit but slightly enhanced the decay of Valencia orange fruit in comparison with conventionally handled fruit. Seal‐packaging of individual fruit resulted in much less decay than sealing a whole carton of fruit together. The fungicides imazalil, sec ‐butylamine, 2‐phenylphenol, benomyl and thiabendazole markedly reduced the decay of sealed fruit in all cultivars of citrus fruits tested. Residue levels in treated fruit were below the tolerances permitted. The new method of packaging had no effect on the residue levels of benomyl, 2‐phenyl‐phenol and thiabendazole in the fruit; neither did it affect the extent of absorption of these fungicides into the fruit. Only the volatile fungicide sec‐butylamine was found at a higher level (73% higher in the packaged fruit compared with conventionally treated fruit).
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
HDPE seal packaging reduced Marsh grapefruit decay versus conventional handling.
- Taxon
- grapefruit
_Pompelino_Grapefruit_002.jpg?width=60)
Citrus ×paradisie0 - Material
- Marshe0
- Treatment
- HDPE seal‐packaginge0
- Outcome
- decay of Marsh grapefruite0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- conventionally handled fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Pompelino_Grapefruit_002.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“HDPE seal‐packaging by itself reduced the decay of Marsh grapefruit but slightly enhanced the decay of Valencia orange fruit in comparison with conventionally handled fruit.”
Claim · model-written summary
HDPE seal packaging slightly increased Valencia orange decay versus conventional handling.
Verbatim
e0“HDPE seal‐packaging by itself reduced the decay of Marsh grapefruit but slightly enhanced the decay of Valencia orange fruit in comparison with conventionally handled fruit.”
Claim · model-written summary
Individual fruit packaging resulted in less decay than whole carton packaging.
- Treatment
- Seal‐packaging of individual fruite0
- Outcome
- decaye0
- Direction
- much lesse0
- Comparator
- sealing a whole carton of fruit togethere0
CitrusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seal‐packaging of individual fruit resulted in much less decay than sealing a whole carton of fruit together.”
t0“citrus fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazalil reduced decay of sealed citrus fruit.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fungicides imazalil, sec ‐butylamine, 2‐phenylphenol, benomyl and thiabendazole markedly reduced the decay of sealed fruit in all cultivars of citrus fruits tested.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sec butylamine reduced decay of sealed citrus fruit.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fungicides imazalil, sec ‐butylamine, 2‐phenylphenol, benomyl and thiabendazole markedly reduced the decay of sealed fruit in all cultivars of citrus fruits tested.”
Claim · model-written summary
2 phenylphenol reduced decay of sealed citrus fruit.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fungicides imazalil, sec ‐butylamine, 2‐phenylphenol, benomyl and thiabendazole markedly reduced the decay of sealed fruit in all cultivars of citrus fruits tested.”
Claim · model-written summary
Benomyl reduced decay of sealed citrus fruit.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fungicides imazalil, sec ‐butylamine, 2‐phenylphenol, benomyl and thiabendazole markedly reduced the decay of sealed fruit in all cultivars of citrus fruits tested.”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiabendazole reduced decay of sealed citrus fruit.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fungicides imazalil, sec ‐butylamine, 2‐phenylphenol, benomyl and thiabendazole markedly reduced the decay of sealed fruit in all cultivars of citrus fruits tested.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicide residues in treated citrus fruit were below permitted tolerances.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Residue levels in treated fruit were below the tolerances permitted.”
t0“citrus fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Packaging did not change residues of benomyl, 2 phenyl phenol or thiabendazole.
- Treatment
- new method of packaginge0
- Outcome
- residue levels of benomyl, 2‐phenyl‐phenol and thiabendazolee0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The new method of packaging had no effect on the residue levels of benomyl, 2‐phenyl‐phenol and thiabendazole in the fruit”
t0“citrus fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Packaging did not change absorption of those fungicides into citrus fruit.
- Treatment
- new method of packaginge1
- Outcome
- extent of absorption of these fungicides into the fruite0
- Direction
- neither did it affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“neither did it affect the extent of absorption of these fungicides into the fruit.”
e1“The new method of packaging had no effect on the residue levels of benomyl, 2‐phenyl‐phenol and thiabendazole in the fruit”
t0“citrus fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Packaged citrus fruit had 73% more sec butylamine residue than conventional treatment.
- Treatment
- packaged fruite0
- Outcome
- sec‐butylaminee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 73%e0
- Comparator
- conventionally treated fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only the volatile fungicide sec‐butylamine was found at a higher level (73% higher in the packaged fruit compared with conventionally treated fruit).”
t0“citrus fruits”
The same questions in other papers
thiabendazole · disease · CitrusPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
biphenyl-2-ol · disease · CitrusResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
sec-butylamine · disease · CitrusResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
enilconazole · disease · CitrusResults agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →benomyl · disease · CitrusResults agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →storage · nutrient: content · CitrusPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
storage · molecular: metabolites · CitrusPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.