Abstract
Abstract Penicillium digitatum Sacc. isolates, obtained from Australian citrus fruit and from oranges and lemons imported from the United States were compared for their sensitivity to the fungicide imazalil. In vitro data showed the four strains from the United States were up to 13 times less sensitive than the four strains from Australia. A similar response was found in in vivo experiments with resistant strains more difficult to control than sensitive ones. The standard application of imazalil in water, as practised in Australia however still provided reasonable decay protection. A growth media concentration of 0.1 μg/ml imazalil was established as a suitable concentration for differentiating imazalil resistant strains. All strains from the United States that were tested were also resistant to the benzimidazole fungicides and were therefore classified as being double resistant to these two different groups of compounds. Two of the Australian strains were also resistant to the benzimidazoles. All were controllable with the standard application of the fungicide guazatine.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
US isolates of Penicillium digitatum were up to 13 times less sensitive to imazalil in vitro than Australian isolates.
- Material
- four strains from the United Statese2
- Interactor
- Penicillium digitatum Sacc.
Penicillium digitatume1pathogen - Outcome
- sensitivity to the fungicide imazalile1
- Direction
- less sensitivee2
- Value
- 13 timese2
- Comparator
- four strains from Australiae2
CitrusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Penicillium digitatum Sacc. isolates, obtained from Australian citrus fruit and from oranges and lemons imported from the United States were compared for their sensitivity to the fungicide imazalil”
e2“In vitro data showed the four strains from the United States were up to 13 times less sensitive than the four strains from Australia”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistant isolates were more difficult to control than sensitive ones in in vivo experiments.
- Material
- resistant strainse3
- Interactor
- Penicillium digitatum Sacc.Penicillium digitatume1pathogen
- Outcome
- controle3
- Direction
- more difficulte3
- Comparator
- sensitive onese3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Penicillium digitatum Sacc. isolates, obtained from Australian citrus fruit and from oranges and lemons imported from the United States were compared for their sensitivity to the fungicide imazalil”
e3“A similar response was found in in vivo experiments with resistant strains more difficult to control than sensitive ones”
Claim · model-written summary
The standard application of imazalil in water, as practised in Australia, still provided reasonable decay protection.
- Treatment
- standard application of imazalil in watere4
- Outcome
- decay protectione4
- Qualifier
- reasonablee4
- Setting
- as practised in Australiae4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Penicillium digitatum Sacc. isolates, obtained from Australian citrus fruit and from oranges and lemons imported from the United States were compared for their sensitivity to the fungicide imazalil”
e4“The standard application of imazalil in water, as practised in Australia however still provided reasonable decay protection”
Claim · model-written summary
A growth medium concentration of 0.1 μg/ml imazalil was established as suitable for differentiating imazalil-resistant strains.
- Treatment
- growth media concentration of 0.1 μg/ml imazalile5
- Interactor
- Penicillium digitatum Sacc.Penicillium digitatume1pathogen
- Outcome
- differentiating imazalil resistant strainse5
- Value
- 0.1 μg/mle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Penicillium digitatum Sacc. isolates, obtained from Australian citrus fruit and from oranges and lemons imported from the United States were compared for their sensitivity to the fungicide imazalil”
e5“A growth media concentration of 0.1 μg/ml imazalil was established as a suitable concentration for differentiating imazalil resistant strains”
Claim · model-written summary
All US strains tested were resistant to benzimidazole fungicides and were therefore classed as double resistant.
- Material
- strains from the United Statese6
- Interactor
- Penicillium digitatum Sacc.Penicillium digitatume1pathogen
- Compound
- benzimidazole fungicidese6
- Outcome
- resistant to the benzimidazole fungicidese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Penicillium digitatum Sacc. isolates, obtained from Australian citrus fruit and from oranges and lemons imported from the United States were compared for their sensitivity to the fungicide imazalil”
e6“All strains from the United States that were tested were also resistant to the benzimidazole fungicides”
Claim · model-written summary
Two of the Australian strains were also resistant to benzimidazoles.
- Material
- Two of the Australian strainse7
- Interactor
- Penicillium digitatum Sacc.Penicillium digitatume1pathogen
- Compound
- benzimidazolese7
- Outcome
- resistant to the benzimidazolese7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Penicillium digitatum Sacc. isolates, obtained from Australian citrus fruit and from oranges and lemons imported from the United States were compared for their sensitivity to the fungicide imazalil”
e7“Two of the Australian strains were also resistant to the benzimidazoles”
Claim · model-written summary
All isolates were controllable with the standard application of the fungicide guazatine.
- Treatment
- standard application of the fungicide guazatinee7
- Interactor
- Penicillium digitatum Sacc.Penicillium digitatume1pathogen
- Outcome
- controllablee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Penicillium digitatum Sacc. isolates, obtained from Australian citrus fruit and from oranges and lemons imported from the United States were compared for their sensitivity to the fungicide imazalil”
e7“All were controllable with the standard application of the fungicide guazatine”
The same questions in other papers
enilconazole · disease · CitrusResults agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.