Abstract
Introduction. Citrus is the most important fruit crop widely grown by small-scale and commercial farms in Ethiopia. However, productivity of citrus in many parts of the country is threatened by Phaeoramularia leaf and fruit spot disease caused by Phaeoramularia angolensis. Surveys and field experiments were conducted to map the geographical distribution, and to study the efficacy of different fungicides for the control of this disease. Materials and methods. Surveys were conducted in the major citrus-growing areas (south, south-west and north-west) of Ethiopia. Random sampling techniques were used for sample collection. The efficacy of different fungicides against P. angolensis was studied under a hot-spot area, based on disease incidence and severity, and marketable fruit yield. Results and discussion. Phaeoramularia leaf and fruit spot disease of citrus has been widespread throughout the south, south-west, and north-west of Ethiopia, cau- sing complete crop failure. This disease was more severe in smallholder farmers' fields as compared with the commercial orchards. The severity of P. angolensis was varied between different citrus species and areas with different agro-ecologies. The south and south-west part of the country, cha- racterized by high and frequent rainfall with high humidity, were severely affected by the disease. Field application of Benlate, Score and Cuproxat significantly reduced the incidence and severity of the disease and, thereby, increased marketable fruit yield. Conclusion. Phaeoramularia leaf and fruit spot disease of citrus has become widespread in many parts of Ethiopia within a short period. Further investigation on P. angolensis biology and detailed epidemiological studies are mandatory to develop a model, and, thereby, to facilitate forecasting systems for effective and sus- tainable management of leaf and fruit spot disease of citrus in Ethiopia. Ethiopia / Citrus / plant diseases / blotches / Phaeoramularia angolensis / geographical distribution / disease control
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Phaeoramularia leaf and fruit spot disease of citrus is widespread in the south, south-west and north-west of Ethiopia, causing complete crop failure.
- Interactor
- Phaeoramularia angolensisPseudocercospora angolensise2pathogen
- Outcome
- Phaeoramularia leaf and fruit spot diseasee5
- Qualifier
- complete crop failuree5
- Setting
- south, south-west, and north-west of Ethiopiae5
CitrusNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“caused by Phaeoramularia angolensis”
e5“Phaeoramularia leaf and fruit spot disease of citrus has been widespread throughout the south, south-west, and north-west of Ethiopia, cau- sing complete crop failure”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf and fruit spot disease was more severe in smallholder farmers' fields than in commercial citrus orchards.
- Outcome
- diseasee3
- Direction
- more severee3
- Comparator
- commercial orchardse3
- Setting
- smallholder farmers' fieldse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“leaf and fruit spot disease of citrus”
e3“This disease was more severe in smallholder farmers' fields as compared with the commercial orchards”
Claim · model-written summary
The severity of P. angolensis varied between citrus species and between areas with different agro-ecologies.
- Interactor
- P. angolensisPseudocercospora angolensise4pathogen
- Outcome
- severity of P. angolensise4
- Qualifier
- between different citrus species and areas with different agro-ecologiese4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“leaf and fruit spot disease of citrus”
e4“The severity of P. angolensis was varied between different citrus species and areas with different agro-ecologies”
Claim · model-written summary
The south and south-west of Ethiopia, with high and frequent rainfall and humidity, were severely affected by the disease.
- Outcome
- the diseasee6
- Direction
- severely affectede6
- Qualifier
- high and frequent rainfall with high humiditye6
- Setting
- south and south-west part of the countrye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“leaf and fruit spot disease of citrus”
e6“The south and south-west part of the country, cha- racterized by high and frequent rainfall with high humidity, were severely affected by the disease”
Claim · model-written summary
Field application of Benlate, Score and Cuproxat significantly reduced the incidence and severity of the disease on citrus.
- Treatment
- Field application of Benlate, Score and Cuproxate7
- Outcome
- incidence and severity of the diseasee7
- Direction
- reducede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“leaf and fruit spot disease of citrus”
e7“Field application of Benlate, Score and Cuproxat significantly reduced the incidence and severity of the disease and, thereby, increased marketable fruit yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Field application of Benlate, Score and Cuproxat increased marketable fruit yield of citrus.
- Treatment
- Field application of Benlate, Score and Cuproxate7
- Outcome
- marketable fruit yielde7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“leaf and fruit spot disease of citrus”
e7“Field application of Benlate, Score and Cuproxat significantly reduced the incidence and severity of the disease and, thereby, increased marketable fruit yield”
The same questions in other papers
benomyl · disease · CitrusResults agree
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.