Abstract
Conidia of Phyllosticta citricarpa (Pc) did not infect unwounded packhouse-treated citrus fruit maintained at -0.5 and 25 °C in artificial and natural inoculation studies, but infrequently produced black spot lesions from which the pathogen could be isolated on artificially inoculated wounded fruit kept at 25 °C. Conidial germination and appressorium formation by seven Pc isolates from various countries were completely inhibited in vitro by the postharvest fungicides guazatine and o-phenylphenol (sodium salt) at recommended rates, whereas thiabendazole, imazalil sulphate, two emulsion formulations of imazalil, and particularly prochloraz, provided significant inhibition. Chlorine dioxide suppressed conidial germination more effectively and at lower concentrations than calcium hypochlorite. Packhouse treatments which consistently reduced the viability of Pc in black spot lesions on fruit included warm water (43-47 °C for three minutes), chemical tank (guazatine, imazalil sulphate, 2,4-D), and a combination of chlorine, high-pressure spraying, warm water, chemical tank, and polyethylene waxing. Conidial viability was reduced to zero on black spot-infected fruit stored for three weeks at 25 °C, as well as on fruit exposed to chlorine, warm water, the above chemicals, or all treatments combined.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Conidia failed to infect unwounded packhouse-treated citrus fruit at both temperatures.
- Interactor
- Phyllosticta citricarpa
Phyllosticta citricarpae0pathogen - Outcome
- did not infect unwounded packhouse-treated citrus fruite0
CitrusOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conidia of Phyllosticta citricarpa (Pc) did not infect unwounded packhouse-treated citrus fruit maintained at -0.5 and 25 °C”
Claim · model-written summary
Wounded fruit at 25 °C infrequently developed black spot lesions after artificial inoculation.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“infrequently produced black spot lesions from which the pathogen could be isolated on artificially inoculated wounded fruit kept at 25 °C”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
Guazatine completely inhibited conidial germination and appressorium formation in vitro.
- Treatment
- guazatinee0
- Interactor
- Pce0pathogen
- Outcome
- Conidial germination and appressorium formatione0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conidial germination and appressorium formation by seven Pc isolates from various countries were completely inhibited in vitro by the postharvest fungicides guazatine and o-phenylphenol (sodium salt) at recommended rates”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
O-phenylphenol completely inhibited conidial germination and appressorium formation in vitro.
- Treatment
- o-phenylphenol (sodium salt)e0
- Interactor
- Pce0pathogen
- Outcome
- Conidial germination and appressorium formatione0
- Direction
- completely inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conidial germination and appressorium formation by seven Pc isolates from various countries were completely inhibited in vitro by the postharvest fungicides guazatine and o-phenylphenol (sodium salt) at recommended rates”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiabendazole significantly inhibited the fungal processes.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thiabendazole, imazalil sulphate, two emulsion formulations of imazalil, and particularly prochloraz, provided significant inhibition”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazalil sulphate significantly inhibited the fungal processes.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thiabendazole, imazalil sulphate, two emulsion formulations of imazalil, and particularly prochloraz, provided significant inhibition”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
Imazalil emulsion formulations significantly inhibited the fungal processes.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“two emulsion formulations of imazalil, and particularly prochloraz, provided significant inhibition”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
Prochloraz particularly inhibited the fungal processes.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“particularly prochloraz, provided significant inhibition”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorine dioxide suppressed conidial germination more effectively at lower concentrations than calcium hypochlorite.
- Treatment
- Chlorine dioxidee0
- Outcome
- conidial germinatione0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Comparator
- calcium hypochloritee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorine dioxide suppressed conidial germination more effectively and at lower concentrations than calcium hypochlorite”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
Warm water reduced pathogen viability in lesions on fruit.
- Treatment
- warm water (43-47 °C for three minutes)e0
- Interactor
- Pce0pathogen
- Outcome
- viability of Pce0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Packhouse treatments which consistently reduced the viability of Pc in black spot lesions on fruit included warm water (43-47 °C for three minutes)”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
The chemical tank reduced pathogen viability in fruit lesions.
- Treatment
- chemical tank (guazatine, imazalil sulphate, 2,4-D)e0
Not reportedComparatorOutcomeDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chemical tank (guazatine, imazalil sulphate, 2,4-D)”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined packhouse treatments reduced pathogen viability in fruit lesions.
- Treatment
- a combination of chlorine, high-pressure spraying, warm water, chemical tank, and polyethylene waxinge0
Not reportedComparatorOutcomeDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a combination of chlorine, high-pressure spraying, warm water, chemical tank, and polyethylene waxing”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
Conidial viability reached zero on infected fruit stored at 25 °C for three weeks.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conidial viability was reduced to zero on black spot-infected fruit stored for three weeks at 25 °C”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorine exposure reduced conidial viability to zero.
- Treatment
- chlorinee0
Not reportedComparatorOutcomeDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruit exposed to chlorine, warm water, the above chemicals, or all treatments combined”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
Warm water exposure reduced conidial viability to zero.
- Treatment
- warm watere0
Not reportedComparatorOutcomeDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruit exposed to chlorine, warm water, the above chemicals, or all treatments combined”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
Chemical exposure reduced conidial viability to zero.
- Treatment
- the above chemicalse0
Not reportedComparatorOutcomeDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruit exposed to chlorine, warm water, the above chemicals, or all treatments combined”
t0“citrus”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined treatment reduced conidial viability to zero.
- Treatment
- all treatments combinede0
Not reportedComparatorOutcomeDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fruit exposed to chlorine, warm water, the above chemicals, or all treatments combined”
t0“citrus”
The same questions in other papers
thiabendazole · disease · CitrusPositive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
biphenyl-2-ol · disease · CitrusResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
sulfate · disease · CitrusResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
prochloraz · disease · CitrusResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
enilconazole · disease · CitrusResults agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.