Abstract
The adverse effect of chilling treatment (4°C) in the light and dark on the subsequent photosynthesis was compared by measuring O 2 evolution and modulated chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence using leaf discs taken from chilled cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) plants. Weak light (50 mol m –2 s –1) was adopted for light chilling to discount the photoinhibitory effect, which was substantiated by no decline in the ratio variable/maximal fluorescence after dark adaptation ( F v / F m) after light chilling. The inhibitory pace was faster in the light. Decrease in photosynthesis was not prominent for the initial 2 h of chilling in the light or 12 h of chilling in the dark, but was manifested as an abrupt drop thereafter. Approximately 50 and 90% inhibition of O 2 evolution was observed after chilling for 4 and 6 h, respectively, in the light, but the same degree of inhibition was shown only after 24 and 48 h of chilling in the dark. Chl fluorescence measurement showed no significant change in initial fluorescence ( F o ) and F v / F m but notable change in quenching parameters. Chloroplasts isolated from either 4-h light-chilled or 24-h dark-chilled plants showed roughly 50% reduction in CO 2 fixation. Results with reconstituted chloroplasts revealed damage in thylakoids from light-chilled plants. In contrast, stroma from dark-chilled plants was less functional. Electron transport was hampered only in light-chilled plants with most lesions residing in photosystem I (PSI). Separation of photosynthates showed changes in metabolite distribution, but more substantially in the dark-chilled chloroplasts, indicating that stromal enzymes were affected. These results suggest that chilling-stress in the light primarily interferes with thylakoidal function while that in the dark mostly affects stromal function within the chloroplasts.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling in the light inhibited photosynthesis faster than chilling in the dark.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse2 - Treatment
- chilling treatment (4°C) in the lighte0
- Outcome
- inhibitory pacee1
- Direction
- fastere1
- Comparator
- darke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The adverse effect of chilling treatment (4°C) in the light and dark on the subsequent photosynthesis was compared”
e1“The inhibitory pace was faster in the light”
e2“using leaf discs taken from chilled cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling in the light for 4 h caused about 50% inhibition of O2 evolution.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- in the lighte0
- Outcome
- inhibition of O 2 evolutione0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Value
- 50e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Approximately 50 and 90% inhibition of O 2 evolution was observed after chilling for 4 and 6 h, respectively, in the light”
e1“using leaf discs taken from chilled cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling in the light for 6 h caused about 90% inhibition of O2 evolution.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- in the lighte0
- Outcome
- inhibition of O 2 evolutione0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Value
- 90%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Approximately 50 and 90% inhibition of O 2 evolution was observed after chilling for 4 and 6 h, respectively, in the light”
e1“using leaf discs taken from chilled cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling in the dark for 24 h caused about 50% inhibition of O2 evolution.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse2
- Treatment
- chilling in the darke1
- Outcome
- inhibition of O 2 evolutione0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Value
- 50e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Approximately 50 and 90% inhibition of O 2 evolution was observed after chilling for 4 and 6 h, respectively, in the light”
e1“the same degree of inhibition was shown only after 24 and 48 h of chilling in the dark”
e2“using leaf discs taken from chilled cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling in the dark for 48 h caused about 90% inhibition of O2 evolution.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse2
- Treatment
- chilling in the darke1
- Outcome
- inhibition of O 2 evolutione0
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede0
- Value
- 90%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Approximately 50 and 90% inhibition of O 2 evolution was observed after chilling for 4 and 6 h, respectively, in the light”
e1“the same degree of inhibition was shown only after 24 and 48 h of chilling in the dark”
e2“using leaf discs taken from chilled cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Light chilling caused no decline in the Fv/Fm ratio after dark adaptation.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- light chillinge0
- Outcome
- ratio variable/maximal fluorescencee0
- Direction
- no declinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“substantiated by no decline in the ratio variable/maximal fluorescence after dark adaptation ( F v / F m) after light chilling”
e1“using leaf discs taken from chilled cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling did not significantly change initial fluorescence (Fo) or Fv/Fm.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Outcome
- initial fluorescencee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chl fluorescence measurement showed no significant change in initial fluorescence ( F o ) and F v / F m but notable change in quenching parameters”
e1“using leaf discs taken from chilled cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling produced a notable change in fluorescence quenching parameters.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Outcome
- quenching parameterse0
- Direction
- notable changee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chl fluorescence measurement showed no significant change in initial fluorescence ( F o ) and F v / F m but notable change in quenching parameters”
e1“using leaf discs taken from chilled cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloroplasts from 4-h light-chilled plants showed roughly 50% reduction in CO2 fixation.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- 4-h light-chillede0
- Outcome
- CO 2 fixatione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- roughly 50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chloroplasts isolated from either 4-h light-chilled or 24-h dark-chilled plants showed roughly 50% reduction in CO 2 fixation”
e1“using leaf discs taken from chilled cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloroplasts from 24-h dark-chilled plants showed roughly 50% reduction in CO2 fixation.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- 24-h dark-chillede0
- Outcome
- CO 2 fixatione0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- roughly 50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chloroplasts isolated from either 4-h light-chilled or 24-h dark-chilled plants showed roughly 50% reduction in CO 2 fixation”
e1“using leaf discs taken from chilled cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Reconstituted chloroplasts from light-chilled plants showed damage in thylakoids.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- light-chilled plantse0
- Outcome
- damage in thylakoidse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results with reconstituted chloroplasts revealed damage in thylakoids from light-chilled plants”
e1“using leaf discs taken from chilled cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Stroma from dark-chilled plants was less functional.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- dark-chilled plantse0
- Outcome
- stromae0
- Direction
- less functionale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, stroma from dark-chilled plants was less functional”
e1“using leaf discs taken from chilled cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Electron transport was hampered only in light-chilled plants, with lesions mostly in photosystem I.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- light-chilled plantse0
- Outcome
- Electron transporte0
- Direction
- hamperede0
- Qualifier
- lesions residing in photosystem I (PSI)e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Electron transport was hampered only in light-chilled plants with most lesions residing in photosystem I (PSI)”
e1“using leaf discs taken from chilled cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Dark-chilled chloroplasts showed changes in metabolite distribution, more substantial than in light-chilled chloroplasts.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- dark-chilled chloroplastse0
- Outcome
- metabolite distributione0
- Direction
- changese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Separation of photosynthates showed changes in metabolite distribution, but more substantially in the dark-chilled chloroplasts, indicating that stromal enzymes were affected”
e1“using leaf discs taken from chilled cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that light chilling mainly interferes with thylakoid function.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Outcome
- thylakoidal functione0
- Qualifier
- chilling-stress in the lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results suggest that chilling-stress in the light primarily interferes with thylakoidal function while that in the dark mostly affects stromal function within the chloroplasts”
e1“using leaf discs taken from chilled cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that dark chilling mainly affects stromal function.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Outcome
- stromal functione0
- Qualifier
- that in the darke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results suggest that chilling-stress in the light primarily interferes with thylakoidal function while that in the dark mostly affects stromal function within the chloroplasts”
e1“using leaf discs taken from chilled cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that stromal enzymes were affected in dark-chilled chloroplasts.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Outcome
- stromal enzymese0
- Qualifier
- dark-chilled chloroplastse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Separation of photosynthates showed changes in metabolite distribution, but more substantially in the dark-chilled chloroplasts, indicating that stromal enzymes were affected”
e1“using leaf discs taken from chilled cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The decrease in photosynthesis during chilling in the light was not prominent for the initial 2 h.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse1
- Treatment
- chilling in the lighte0
- Outcome
- Decrease in photosynthesise0
- Direction
- not prominente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Decrease in photosynthesis was not prominent for the initial 2 h of chilling in the light or 12 h of chilling in the dark, but was manifested as an abrupt drop thereafter”
e1“using leaf discs taken from chilled cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.) plants”
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