Paper · 1971 · Weed Science

Interactions of Light, Temperature and Moisture on Terbutryn Toxicity

L. D. Houseworth; B. G. Tweedy

7
claims
14
verbatim quotes
13
citations
1
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Toxicity of soil-applied 2-( tert -butylamino)-4-(ethylamino)-6-(methylthio)- s -triazine (terbutryn) to cucumbers ( Cucumis sativus L. ‘Gemni’) and oats ( Avena sativus L. ‘Nodaway’) was increased 2.2 times when the light intensity was raised from 11,000 to 22,000 lumens/m 2 and 1.5 times when the moisture level was raised from low (25 to 50% field capacity) to high (75 to 100% field capacity). When the temperature was raised from the low level (19 C day, 14 C night) to the high level (29 C day, 24 C night) toxicity of terbutryn to oats was increased 1.6 times and toxicity to cucumber was increased 1.3 times. Analysis of interactions of the three variables on toxicity of terbutryn showed that environmental conditions favoring rapid growth resulted in an increase in phytotoxicity.

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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 7

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Higher light intensity increased terbutryn toxicity to cucumbers 2.2 times.

Taxon
cucumbersCucumis sativuse0e1
Material
Gemnie0e1
Treatment
light intensity was raised from 11,000 to 22,000 lumens/m 2e0e1
Outcome
Toxicitye0e1
Direction
increasede0e1
Value
2.2 timese0e1
Comparator
11,000e0e1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cucumis sativus
Cucumis sativus · TaxonH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Toxicity of soil-applied 2-( tert -butylamino)-4-(ethylamino)-6-(methylthio)- s -triazine (terbutryn) to cucumbers ( Cucumis sativus L. ‘Gemni’) and oats ( Avena sativus L. ‘Nodaway’) was increased 2.2 times when the light intensity was raised from 11,000 to 22,000 lumens/m 2”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–276 · show in text ↑
e1

“Toxicity of soil-applied 2-( tert -butylamino)-4-(ethylamino)-6-(methylthio)- s -triazine (terbutryn) to cucumbers ( Cucumis sativus L. ‘Gemni’) and oats ( Avena sativus L. ‘Nodaway’)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–183 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Higher light intensity increased terbutryn toxicity to oats 2.2 times.

Material
Nodawaye0e1
Treatment
light intensity was raised from 11,000 to 22,000 lumens/m 2e0e1
Outcome
Toxicitye0e1
Direction
increasede0e1
Value
2.2 timese0e1
Comparator
11,000e0e1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Avena sativa
Avena sativa · TaxonSendelbach ( talk ) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Toxicity of soil-applied 2-( tert -butylamino)-4-(ethylamino)-6-(methylthio)- s -triazine (terbutryn) to cucumbers ( Cucumis sativus L. ‘Gemni’) and oats ( Avena sativus L. ‘Nodaway’) was increased 2.2 times when the light intensity was raised from 11,000 to 22,000 lumens/m 2”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–276 · show in text ↑
e1

“Toxicity of soil-applied 2-( tert -butylamino)-4-(ethylamino)-6-(methylthio)- s -triazine (terbutryn) to cucumbers ( Cucumis sativus L. ‘Gemni’) and oats ( Avena sativus L. ‘Nodaway’)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–183 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Higher moisture increased terbutryn toxicity to cucumbers 1.5 times.

Taxon
cucumbersCucumis sativuse0e1
Treatment
moisture level was raised from low (25 to 50% field capacity) to high (75 to 100% field capacity)e0e1
Outcome
toxicitye0e1
Direction
raisede0e1
Value
1.5 timese0e1
Comparator
low (25 to 50% field capacity)e0e1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cucumis sativus
Cucumis sativus · TaxonH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“and 1.5 times when the moisture level was raised from low (25 to 50% field capacity) to high (75 to 100% field capacity)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 277–397 · show in text ↑
e1

“Toxicity of soil-applied 2-( tert -butylamino)-4-(ethylamino)-6-(methylthio)- s -triazine (terbutryn) to cucumbers ( Cucumis sativus L. ‘Gemni’) and oats ( Avena sativus L. ‘Nodaway’)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–183 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Higher moisture increased terbutryn toxicity to oats 1.5 times.

Treatment
moisture level was raised from low (25 to 50% field capacity) to high (75 to 100% field capacity)e0e1
Outcome
toxicitye0e1
Direction
raisede0e1
Value
1.5 timese0e1
Comparator
low (25 to 50% field capacity)e0e1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Avena sativa
Avena sativa · TaxonSendelbach ( talk ) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“and 1.5 times when the moisture level was raised from low (25 to 50% field capacity) to high (75 to 100% field capacity)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 277–397 · show in text ↑
e1

“Toxicity of soil-applied 2-( tert -butylamino)-4-(ethylamino)-6-(methylthio)- s -triazine (terbutryn) to cucumbers ( Cucumis sativus L. ‘Gemni’) and oats ( Avena sativus L. ‘Nodaway’)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–183 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Higher temperature increased terbutryn toxicity to oats 1.6 times.

Treatment
temperature was raised from the low level (19 C day, 14 C night) to the high level (29 C day, 24 C night)e0e1
Outcome
toxicity of terbutryn to oatse0e1
Direction
increasede0e1
Value
1.6 timese0e1
Comparator
low level (19 C day, 14 C night)e0e1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Avena sativa
Avena sativa · TaxonSendelbach ( talk ) · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“When the temperature was raised from the low level (19 C day, 14 C night) to the high level (29 C day, 24 C night) toxicity of terbutryn to oats was increased 1.6 times”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 399–567 · show in text ↑
e1

“Toxicity of soil-applied 2-( tert -butylamino)-4-(ethylamino)-6-(methylthio)- s -triazine (terbutryn) to cucumbers ( Cucumis sativus L. ‘Gemni’) and oats ( Avena sativus L. ‘Nodaway’)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–183 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Higher temperature increased terbutryn toxicity to cucumber 1.3 times.

Treatment
temperaturee0e1e2
Outcome
toxicity to cucumbere0e1e2
Direction
increasede0e1e2
Value
1.3 timese0e1e2
Comparator
low levele0e1e2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cucumis sativus
Cucumis sativus · TaxonH. Zell · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“toxicity to cucumber was increased 1.3 times”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 572–616 · show in text ↑
e1

“toxicity to cucumber was increased 1.3 times”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 572–616 · show in text ↑
e2

“When the temperature was raised from the low level (19 C day, 14 C night) to the high level (29 C day, 24 C night)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 399–513 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Conditions favoring rapid growth increased terbutryn phytotoxicity.

Outcome
phytotoxicitye0
Direction
increasee0
Setting
environmental conditions favoring rapid growthe0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0

“environmental conditions favoring rapid growth resulted in an increase in phytotoxicity”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 703–790 · show in text ↑

light · pest · Avena sativa (oats)Positive and negative results

2 papers: 1 positive, 1 negative or no effect

1 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
See all 2 papers →

light · pest · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Positive and negative results

5 papers: 2 positive, 3 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. negative

1 paper more in this group

See all 5 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.