Abstract
A long-term experiment was carried out on a Vertisol from 1986 to 1992 to examine the combined effects of NPK fertilizers on yield using sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench cv. CSH 5) and short-duration pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp. cv. ICPL 87). The fertilizer treatments were as follows: 0 (no fertilization), N (150 kg N ha-1 ), P (65.5 kg P2O5 ha-1), K (124.5 kg K2O ha-1), and all possible combinations (NP, NK, PK, and NPK). In this study we continued this experiment during the period 1993 to 1994 and analyzed the crop yield response to fertilizers and the N balance. The amount of N derived from the atmosphere and fertilizer was estimated by the 15N natural abundance method and l5N isotope dilution method, respectively. A combined application of Nand P fertilizers gave the highest grain yield for the two crops under the 8th and 9th continuous croppings, unlike the application of K fertilizer. The values of total N for the two crops were significantly higher in the NP and NPK plots. These crops took up N mainly from soil. There was a significant positive relationship between the uptake of Ndff and Ndfs by each crop. Pigeonpea or sorghum took up more N from the soil in the N fertilizer plots than in the plots without N, suggesting that soil N fertility was enhanced and the amount of N supplied from soil increased in the plots with consecutive application of N fertilizer for 7 y. Even pigeonpea, which fixes atmospheric N inherently, needed N fertilizer to achieve high grain yield, suggesting that N fixation by the nodules was not always sufficient to meet the N requirements of the crop under these conditions. Although fertilizer N exerted a beneficial effect on plant growth and yield in the two crops, the values of fertilizer N recovery (FNR) by the two crops were considerably low. Therefore, it is suggested that the development of N fertilizer management which could maximize FNR of each crop should be promoted.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Combined N and P gave the highest grain yield in sorghum.
- Treatment
- Nand P fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- 8th and 9th continuous croppingse0
- Comparator
- K fertilizere0
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A combined application of Nand P fertilizers gave the highest grain yield for the two crops under the 8th and 9th continuous croppings, unlike the application of K fertilizer”
e1“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench cv. CSH 5)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined N and P gave the highest grain yield in pigeonpea.
- Taxon
- pigeonpea
Cajanus cajane1 - Treatment
- Nand P fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- K fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A combined application of Nand P fertilizers gave the highest grain yield for the two crops under the 8th and 9th continuous croppings, unlike the application of K fertilizer”
e1“pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp. cv. ICPL 87)”
Claim · model-written summary
NP and NPK plots had significantly higher total N in sorghum.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The values of total N for the two crops were significantly higher in the NP and NPK plots”
e1“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench cv. CSH 5)”
Claim · model-written summary
NP and NPK plots had significantly higher total N in pigeonpea.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane1
- Treatment
- NP and NPK plotse0
- Outcome
- total Ne0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The values of total N for the two crops were significantly higher in the NP and NPK plots”
e1“pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp. cv. ICPL 87)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum derived nitrogen mainly from soil.
- Outcome
- N mainly from soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These crops took up N mainly from soil”
e1“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench cv. CSH 5)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pigeonpea derived nitrogen mainly from soil.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane1
- Outcome
- N mainly from soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These crops took up N mainly from soil”
e1“pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp. cv. ICPL 87)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer-derived and soil-derived N uptake were positively related in sorghum.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a significant positive relationship between the uptake of Ndff and Ndfs by each crop”
e1“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench cv. CSH 5)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer-derived and soil-derived N uptake were positively related in pigeonpea.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane1
- Outcome
- uptake of Ndff and Ndfse0
- Direction
- positivee0
Not reportedOrgan / stage
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was a significant positive relationship between the uptake of Ndff and Ndfs by each crop”
e1“pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp. cv. ICPL 87)”
Claim · model-written summary
N fertilization increased soil-derived N uptake in sorghum.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pigeonpea or sorghum took up more N from the soil in the N fertilizer plots than in the plots without N”
Claim · model-written summary
N fertilization increased soil-derived N uptake in pigeonpea.
- Taxon
- PigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- N fertilizer plotse0
- Outcome
- N from the soile0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- plots without Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pigeonpea or sorghum took up more N from the soil in the N fertilizer plots than in the plots without N”
Claim · model-written summary
Pigeonpea needed N fertilizer to achieve high grain yield.
- Taxon
- pigeonpeaCajanus cajane0
- Treatment
- N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- high grain yielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Even pigeonpea, which fixes atmospheric N inherently, needed N fertilizer to achieve high grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer N benefited growth and yield in both crops.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fertilizer N exerted a beneficial effect on plant growth and yield in the two crops”
e1“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench cv. CSH 5) and short-duration pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp. cv. ICPL 87)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer N recovery was considerably low in both crops.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the values of fertilizer N recovery (FNR) by the two crops were considerably low”
e1“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench cv. CSH 5) and short-duration pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp. cv. ICPL 87)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend developing N management to maximize fertilizer N recovery.
- Outcome
- development of N fertilizer management which could maximize FNRe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the development of N fertilizer management which could maximize FNR of each crop should be promoted”
e1“sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench cv. CSH 5) and short-duration pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp. cv. ICPL 87)”
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