Abstract
Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of plant essential oils as soil fumigants to manage bacterial wilt (caused by Ralstonia solanacearum) in tomato. Potting mixture ("soil") infested with R. solanacearum was treated with the essential oils at 400 mg or μl and 700 mg or μl per liter of soil in greenhouse experiments. R. solanacearum population densities were determined just before and 7 days after treatment. Populations declined to undetectable levels in thymol, palmarosa oil, and lemongrass oil treatments at both concentrations, whereas tea tree oil had no effect. Tomato seedlings transplanted in soil treated with 700 mg/liter of thymol, 700 ml/liter of palmarosa oil, and 700 ml/liter of lemongrass oil were free from bacterial wilt and 100% of plants in thymol treatments were free of R. solanacearum. Soil amendment with fresh leaves of essential oil-producing plants did not reduce bacterial wilt incidence compare to untreated inoculated control. Some thyme oil-producing plants such as thyme (Thymus vulgaris) cv. German winter, Creeping thyme (Thymus serpyllum), and Greek oregano (Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum), while remaining symptomless, became systemically infected by R. solanacearum and were therefore identified as hosts of R. solanacearum.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
thymol reduced R. solanacearum populations to undetectable levels at both concentrations.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- thymole0
- Outcome
- Populationse0
- Direction
- declinede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Populations declined to undetectable levels in thymol, palmarosa oil, and lemongrass oil treatments at both concentrations”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
palmarosa oil reduced R. solanacearum populations to undetectable levels at both concentrations.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- palmarosa oile0
- Outcome
- Populationse0
- Direction
- declinede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Populations declined to undetectable levels in thymol, palmarosa oil, and lemongrass oil treatments at both concentrations”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
lemongrass oil reduced R. solanacearum populations to undetectable levels at both concentrations.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- lemongrass oile0
- Outcome
- Populationse0
- Direction
- declinede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Populations declined to undetectable levels in thymol, palmarosa oil, and lemongrass oil treatments at both concentrations”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Tea tree oil had no effect on R. solanacearum populations.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- tea tree oile0
- Outcome
- no effecte0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas tea tree oil had no effect”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato seedlings in soil treated with thymol were free from bacterial wilt.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 700 mg/liter of thymole0
- Outcome
- bacterial wilte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomato seedlings transplanted in soil treated with 700 mg/liter of thymol, 700 ml/liter of palmarosa oil, and 700 ml/liter of lemongrass oil were free from bacterial wilt”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato seedlings in soil treated with palmarosa oil were free from bacterial wilt.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 700 ml/liter of palmarosa oile0
- Outcome
- bacterial wilte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomato seedlings transplanted in soil treated with 700 mg/liter of thymol, 700 ml/liter of palmarosa oil, and 700 ml/liter of lemongrass oil were free from bacterial wilt”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato seedlings in soil treated with lemongrass oil were free from bacterial wilt.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 700 ml/liter of lemongrass oile0
- Outcome
- bacterial wilte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tomato seedlings transplanted in soil treated with 700 mg/liter of thymol, 700 ml/liter of palmarosa oil, and 700 ml/liter of lemongrass oil were free from bacterial wilt”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
All tomato plants in thymol treatments were free of R. solanacearum.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- thymol treatmentse0
- Outcome
- free of R. solanacearume0
- Value
- 100%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“100% of plants in thymol treatments were free of R. solanacearum”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Fresh leaves of essential oil-producing plants did not reduce bacterial wilt incidence compared with inoculated controls.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Soil amendment with fresh leaves of essential oil-producing plantse0
- Outcome
- bacterial wilt incidencee0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
- Comparator
- untreated inoculated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil amendment with fresh leaves of essential oil-producing plants did not reduce bacterial wilt incidence compare to untreated inoculated control”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
thyme (Thymus vulgaris) cv. German winter was symptomless but systemically infected by R. solanacearum.
- Taxon
- thyme (Thymus vulgaris) cv. German winter
.JPG?width=60)
Thymus vulgarise0 - Interactor
- R. solanacearum
Ralstonia solanacearume0pathogen - Outcome
- systemically infected by R. solanacearume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.JPG?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Some thyme oil-producing plants such as thyme (Thymus vulgaris) cv. German winter, Creeping thyme (Thymus serpyllum), and Greek oregano (Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum), while remaining symptomless, became systemically infected by R. solanacearum”
Claim · model-written summary
Creeping thyme (Thymus serpyllum) was symptomless but systemically infected by R. solanacearum.
- Taxon
- Creeping thyme (Thymus serpyllum)
Thymus serpyllume0 - Interactor
- R. solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- systemically infected by R. solanacearume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Some thyme oil-producing plants such as thyme (Thymus vulgaris) cv. German winter, Creeping thyme (Thymus serpyllum), and Greek oregano (Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum), while remaining symptomless, became systemically infected by R. solanacearum”
Claim · model-written summary
Greek oregano (Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum) was symptomless but systemically infected by R. solanacearum.
- Taxon
- Greek oregano (Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum)
Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtume0 - Interactor
- R. solanacearumRalstonia solanacearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- systemically infected by R. solanacearume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Some thyme oil-producing plants such as thyme (Thymus vulgaris) cv. German winter, Creeping thyme (Thymus serpyllum), and Greek oregano (Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum), while remaining symptomless, became systemically infected by R. solanacearum”
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