Abstract
AbstractColletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) causing anthracnose is a potent pathogen of chilli resulting in significant yield loss. The in vitro root colonisation study showed an increase in root bacterial count by 10 × 105 colony forming units/cm root for Bacillus subtilis after 15 days of germination. Population level of the antagonist was stable in talc till the 180th day (30°C – 1.6 × 108; 4°C – 1.9 × 108) and in lignite till the 150th day (30°C – 1.5 × 108; 4°C – 1.3 × 108). Combined application of B. subtilis and carbendazim enhanced all biometric parameters with reduction in disease incidence. Soil, seed, root dip and foliar spray treatment significantly enhanced the growth parameters of chilli in B. subtilis inoculated treatments in comparison to the untreated control. Seed application resulted in highest plant fresh weight (76.84 g) and dry weight (34.17 g) compared to the untreated control (50 g and 21 g fresh and dry weight, respectively). Highest plant height ranging from 70 cm (soil application) to 77 cm (dip treatment) with Bacillus inoculation was comparable with carbendazim treatment (61 cm with soil application) and 78 cm (dip treatment) and significantly higher than the untreated control (58.2 cm with soil and 61 cm with application, respectively). Dip treatment resulted in significant increase in root length with B. subtilis (33 cm) and carbendazim (32.5 cm) in comparison to untreated control (15 cm). Co-inoculation of pathogen with B. subtilis (singly and with carbendazim) not only reduced the disease incidence but also improved all the biometric parameters in comparison to challenge inoculation. Root dip application was effective in promoting growth while seed application was effective in disease control.Keywords: Bacillus subtilischilli pot studiesbiocontrolC. gloeosporioidesdisease incidence AcknowledgementsOur sincere thanks are due to the Management of Jain University (Jain Group of Institutions) for all the necessary infrastructural support provided to carry out this work.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis root counts increased after germination.
- Taxon
- chillit0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Interactor
- Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- root bacterial counte0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 10 × 105 colony forming units/cm roote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The in vitro root colonisation study showed an increase in root bacterial count by 10 × 105 colony forming units/cm root for Bacillus subtilis after 15 days of germination.”
t0“chilli”
Claim · model-written summary
The antagonist population stayed stable in talc through day 180 at both temperatures.
Verbatim
e0“Population level of the antagonist was stable in talc till the 180th day (30°C – 1.6 × 108; 4°C – 1.9 × 108)”
t0“chilli”
Claim · model-written summary
The antagonist population stayed stable in lignite through day 150 at both temperatures.
Verbatim
e0“in lignite till the 150th day (30°C – 1.5 × 108; 4°C – 1.3 × 108)”
t0“chilli”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Bacillus subtilis and carbendazim improved biometric parameters.
- Taxon
- chillit0
- Treatment
- Combined application of B. subtilis and carbendazime0
- Interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- all biometric parameterse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined application of B. subtilis and carbendazim enhanced all biometric parameters with reduction in disease incidence.”
t0“chilli”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined Bacillus subtilis and carbendazim reduced disease incidence.
- Taxon
- chillit0
- Treatment
- Combined application of B. subtilis and carbendazime0
- Interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Combined application of B. subtilis and carbendazim enhanced all biometric parameters with reduction in disease incidence.”
t0“chilli”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis application by soil, seed, root dip and foliar spray significantly improved chilli growth parameters versus untreated controls.
- Taxon
- chillie0
- Treatment
- Soil, seed, root dip and foliar spray treatmente0
- Interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- growth parameterse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil, seed, root dip and foliar spray treatment significantly enhanced the growth parameters of chilli in B. subtilis inoculated treatments in comparison to the untreated control.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed application increased plant fresh weight to 76.84 g versus 50 g untreated.
Verbatim
e0“Seed application resulted in highest plant fresh weight (76.84 g) and dry weight (34.17 g) compared to the untreated control (50 g and 21 g fresh and dry weight, respectively).”
t0“chilli”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed application increased plant dry weight to 34.17 g versus 21 g untreated.
Verbatim
e0“Seed application resulted in highest plant fresh weight (76.84 g) and dry weight (34.17 g) compared to the untreated control (50 g and 21 g fresh and dry weight, respectively).”
t0“chilli”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus soil application produced 70 cm plant height, exceeding untreated control at 58.2 cm.
Verbatim
e0“Highest plant height ranging from 70 cm (soil application) to 77 cm (dip treatment) with Bacillus inoculation was comparable with carbendazim treatment (61 cm with soil application) and 78 cm (dip treatment) and significantly higher than the untreated control (58.2 cm with soil and 61 cm with application, respectively).”
t0“chilli”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus dip treatment produced 77 cm plant height, exceeding untreated control at 61 cm.
Verbatim
e0“Highest plant height ranging from 70 cm (soil application) to 77 cm (dip treatment) with Bacillus inoculation was comparable with carbendazim treatment (61 cm with soil application) and 78 cm (dip treatment) and significantly higher than the untreated control (58.2 cm with soil and 61 cm with application, respectively).”
t0“chilli”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbendazim soil application produced 61 cm plant height, exceeding untreated control.
Verbatim
e0“Highest plant height ranging from 70 cm (soil application) to 77 cm (dip treatment) with Bacillus inoculation was comparable with carbendazim treatment (61 cm with soil application) and 78 cm (dip treatment) and significantly higher than the untreated control (58.2 cm with soil and 61 cm with application, respectively).”
t0“chilli”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbendazim dip treatment produced 78 cm plant height, exceeding untreated control.
Verbatim
e0“Highest plant height ranging from 70 cm (soil application) to 77 cm (dip treatment) with Bacillus inoculation was comparable with carbendazim treatment (61 cm with soil application) and 78 cm (dip treatment) and significantly higher than the untreated control (58.2 cm with soil and 61 cm with application, respectively).”
t0“chilli”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis root dip increased root length to 33 cm versus 15 cm untreated.
- Taxon
- chillit0
- Treatment
- B. subtilise0
- Interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 33 cme0
- Qualifier
- 15 cme0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dip treatment resulted in significant increase in root length with B. subtilis (33 cm) and carbendazim (32.5 cm) in comparison to untreated control (15 cm).”
t0“chilli”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbendazim root dip increased root length to 32.5 cm versus 15 cm untreated.
Verbatim
e0“Dip treatment resulted in significant increase in root length with B. subtilis (33 cm) and carbendazim (32.5 cm) in comparison to untreated control (15 cm).”
t0“chilli”
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogen coinoculation with Bacillus subtilis reduced disease incidence versus pathogen challenge alone.
- Taxon
- chillit0
- Treatment
- Co-inoculation of pathogen with B. subtilise0
- Interactor
- pathogene0pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- disease incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- challenge inoculatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Co-inoculation of pathogen with B. subtilis (singly and with carbendazim) not only reduced the disease incidence but also improved all the biometric parameters in comparison to challenge inoculation.”
t0“chilli”
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogen coinoculation with Bacillus subtilis improved biometric parameters versus pathogen challenge alone.
- Taxon
- chillit0
- Treatment
- Co-inoculation of pathogen with B. subtilise0
- Interactor
- pathogene0pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- all the biometric parameterse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- challenge inoculatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Co-inoculation of pathogen with B. subtilis (singly and with carbendazim) not only reduced the disease incidence but also improved all the biometric parameters in comparison to challenge inoculation.”
t0“chilli”
Claim · model-written summary
Root dip was effective for growth promotion.
Verbatim
e0“Root dip application was effective in promoting growth while seed application was effective in disease control.”
t0“chilli”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed application was effective for disease control.
Verbatim
e0“Root dip application was effective in promoting growth while seed application was effective in disease control.”
t0“chilli”
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