Abstract
Powdery mildew of chilli caused by Leveillula taurica is one of the most serious diseases of chilli. To assess the efficacy of fungicides, bioagents and botanicals against chilli powdery mildew in vitro evaluation was carried out. Among the ten fungicides evaluated, the maximum inhibition of conidial germination was recorded in azoxystrobin (90.38%) and least inhibition of conidial germination was observed in carbendazim (71.47 %) at 0.15 per cent concentration. Among the four bioagents evaluated Bacillus subtilis (50.48 %) was found effective and nimbicidin (65.05 %) at 2.5 was recorded maximum conidial germination inhibition among the botanicals. Based on the results of in vitro evaluation, the effective fungicide, botanical and bioagent were selected for field trial to check their efficacy. Among the eight treatments three sprays of azoxystrobin (0.1%) was found effective by showing less per cent disease index of 6.86 with yield of 13.25 q/ha and cost benefit ratio of 1: 3.33 followed by treatment with two sprays of azoxystrobin (0.1%) and one spray of Nimbicidin (2.5%) with per cent disease index of 13.89 and yield of 12.54 q/ha and cost benefit ratio of 1:3.26. Whereas, three sprays of Bacillus subtilis (1%) was found to be least effective by showing high per cent disease index of 34.58 with yield of 8.78 q/ha and cost benefit ratio of 1:2.52.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Azoxystrobin gave the maximum inhibition of Leveillula taurica conidial germination (90.38%) among the fungicides in vitro.
Verbatim
e0“Powdery mildew of chilli caused by Leveillula taurica”
e1“the maximum inhibition of conidial germination was recorded in azoxystrobin (90.38%)”
e2“in vitro evaluation was carried out”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbendazim gave the least inhibition of Leveillula taurica conidial germination (71.47%) among the fungicides in vitro.
Verbatim
e0“Powdery mildew of chilli caused by Leveillula taurica”
e1“least inhibition of conidial germination was observed in carbendazim (71.47 %)”
e2“in vitro evaluation was carried out”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus subtilis was the most effective of the four bioagents in vitro, with 50.48% conidial germination inhibition.
- Taxon
- chillie0
- Treatment
- Bacillus subtilise1
- Interactor
- Leveillula tauricae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus subtilise1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- effectivee1
- Value
- 50.48 %e1
- Setting
- in vitro evaluatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Powdery mildew of chilli caused by Leveillula taurica”
e1“Among the four bioagents evaluated Bacillus subtilis (50.48 %) was found effective”
e2“in vitro evaluation was carried out”
Claim · model-written summary
Nimbicidin gave the maximum conidial germination inhibition (65.05%) among the botanicals in vitro.
Verbatim
e0“Powdery mildew of chilli caused by Leveillula taurica”
e1“nimbicidin (65.05 %) at 2.5 was recorded maximum conidial germination inhibition among the botanicals”
e2“in vitro evaluation was carried out”
Claim · model-written summary
Three sprays of azoxystrobin (0.1%) in the field trial gave a less per cent disease index (6.86) than the other treatments.
- Taxon
- chillie0
- Treatment
- three sprays of azoxystrobin (0.1%)e1
- Interactor
- Leveillula tauricae0pathogen
- Outcome
- per cent disease indexe1
- Direction
- lesse1
- Value
- 6.86e1
- Setting
- field triale2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Powdery mildew of chilli caused by Leveillula taurica”
e1“three sprays of azoxystrobin (0.1%) was found effective by showing less per cent disease index of 6.86 with yield of 13.25 q/ha and cost benefit ratio of 1: 3.33”
e2“selected for field trial to check their efficacy”
Claim · model-written summary
Three sprays of azoxystrobin (0.1%) in the field trial gave a higher yield (13.25 q/ha).
- Taxon
- chillie0
- Treatment
- three sprays of azoxystrobin (0.1%)e1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- higherinferrede1
- Value
- 13.25 q/hae1
- Setting
- field triale2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Powdery mildew of chilli caused by Leveillula taurica”
e1“three sprays of azoxystrobin (0.1%) was found effective by showing less per cent disease index of 6.86 with yield of 13.25 q/ha and cost benefit ratio of 1: 3.33”
e2“selected for field trial to check their efficacy”
Claim · model-written summary
Three sprays of azoxystrobin (0.1%) in the field trial gave a higher cost benefit ratio (1: 3.33).
- Taxon
- chillie0
- Treatment
- three sprays of azoxystrobin (0.1%)e1
- Outcome
- cost benefit ratioe1
- Direction
- higherinferrede1
- Value
- 1: 3.33e1
- Setting
- field triale2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Powdery mildew of chilli caused by Leveillula taurica”
e1“three sprays of azoxystrobin (0.1%) was found effective by showing less per cent disease index of 6.86 with yield of 13.25 q/ha and cost benefit ratio of 1: 3.33”
e2“selected for field trial to check their efficacy”
Claim · model-written summary
Two sprays of azoxystrobin and one spray of Nimbicidin (2.5%) in the field trial gave a lower per cent disease index (13.89).
- Taxon
- chillie0
- Treatment
- two sprays of azoxystrobin (0.1%) and one spray of Nimbicidin (2.5%)e1
- Interactor
- Leveillula tauricae0pathogen
- Outcome
- per cent disease indexe1
- Direction
- lowerinferrede1
- Value
- 13.89e1
- Setting
- field triale2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Powdery mildew of chilli caused by Leveillula taurica”
e1“two sprays of azoxystrobin (0.1%) and one spray of Nimbicidin (2.5%) with per cent disease index of 13.89 and yield of 12.54 q/ha and cost benefit ratio of 1:3.26”
e2“selected for field trial to check their efficacy”
Claim · model-written summary
Two sprays of azoxystrobin and one spray of Nimbicidin (2.5%) in the field trial gave a higher yield (12.54 q/ha).
- Taxon
- chillie0
- Treatment
- two sprays of azoxystrobin (0.1%) and one spray of Nimbicidin (2.5%)e1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- higherinferrede1
- Value
- 12.54 q/hae1
- Setting
- field triale2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Powdery mildew of chilli caused by Leveillula taurica”
e1“two sprays of azoxystrobin (0.1%) and one spray of Nimbicidin (2.5%) with per cent disease index of 13.89 and yield of 12.54 q/ha and cost benefit ratio of 1:3.26”
e2“selected for field trial to check their efficacy”
Claim · model-written summary
Two sprays of azoxystrobin and one spray of Nimbicidin (2.5%) in the field trial gave a higher cost benefit ratio (1:3.26).
- Taxon
- chillie0
- Treatment
- two sprays of azoxystrobin (0.1%) and one spray of Nimbicidin (2.5%)e1
- Outcome
- cost benefit ratioe1
- Direction
- higherinferrede1
- Value
- 1:3.26e1
- Setting
- field triale2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Powdery mildew of chilli caused by Leveillula taurica”
e1“two sprays of azoxystrobin (0.1%) and one spray of Nimbicidin (2.5%) with per cent disease index of 13.89 and yield of 12.54 q/ha and cost benefit ratio of 1:3.26”
e2“selected for field trial to check their efficacy”
Claim · model-written summary
Three sprays of Bacillus subtilis (1%) in the field trial were the least effective, with a high per cent disease index (34.58).
- Taxon
- chillie0
- Treatment
- three sprays of Bacillus subtilis (1%)e1
- Interactor
- Leveillula tauricae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilise1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- per cent disease indexe1
- Direction
- highe1
- Value
- 34.58e1
- Setting
- field triale2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Powdery mildew of chilli caused by Leveillula taurica”
e1“three sprays of Bacillus subtilis (1%) was found to be least effective by showing high per cent disease index of 34.58 with yield of 8.78 q/ha and cost benefit ratio of 1:2.52”
e2“selected for field trial to check their efficacy”
Claim · model-written summary
Three sprays of Bacillus subtilis (1%) in the field trial gave a lower yield (8.78 q/ha).
- Taxon
- chillie0
- Treatment
- three sprays of Bacillus subtilis (1%)e1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- lowerinferrede1
- Value
- 8.78 q/hae1
- Setting
- field triale2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Powdery mildew of chilli caused by Leveillula taurica”
e1“three sprays of Bacillus subtilis (1%) was found to be least effective by showing high per cent disease index of 34.58 with yield of 8.78 q/ha and cost benefit ratio of 1:2.52”
e2“selected for field trial to check their efficacy”
Claim · model-written summary
Three sprays of Bacillus subtilis (1%) in the field trial gave a lower cost benefit ratio (1:2.52).
- Taxon
- chillie0
- Treatment
- three sprays of Bacillus subtilis (1%)e1
- Outcome
- cost benefit ratioe1
- Direction
- lowerinferrede1
- Value
- 1:2.52e1
- Setting
- field triale2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Powdery mildew of chilli caused by Leveillula taurica”
e1“three sprays of Bacillus subtilis (1%) was found to be least effective by showing high per cent disease index of 34.58 with yield of 8.78 q/ha and cost benefit ratio of 1:2.52”
e2“selected for field trial to check their efficacy”
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