Abstract
The effect of foliar application of fulvic acid (FA) on water use, nutrient uptake and yield in wheat was studied in pot experiments and in field trials. FA reduced the stomatal conductance of well-watered plants in pots from ~0.80 to ~0.25 cm s-1. The stomatal conductance of control plants fell continuously from ~0.85 m s-1 to almost zero over a 9-day drying cycle. Plants sprayed with FA at the beginning of the cycle maintained a stomatal conductance of ~0.30 cm s-1 for the whole period. Spraying with FA resulted in a higher level of chlorophyll in the leaves and a greater uptake of 32P by the roots. When droughted at ear-development stage, grain yield was depressed by 30%. Spraying with FA increased the yield of droughted plants to 97% of the irrigated controls. Field trials in North China demonstrated that when FA was used to decrease the water stress or the stress imposed by hot, dry winds during ear development, grain yield increased by 7.3-18.0%.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar fulvic acid reduced stomatal conductance in well-watered pot plants from about 0.80 to 0.25 cm s-1.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- FAe0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- ~0.25 cm s-1e0
- Qualifier
- from ~0.80e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“FA reduced the stomatal conductance of well-watered plants in pots from ~0.80 to ~0.25 cm s-1.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Control-plant stomatal conductance declined to almost zero over a nine-day drying cycle.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 9-day drying cyclee0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductance of control plantse0
- Direction
- fell continuouslye0
- Value
- ~0.85 m s-1e0
- Qualifier
- almost zeroe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The stomatal conductance of control plants fell continuously from ~0.85 m s-1 to almost zero over a 9-day drying cycle.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
FA-sprayed plants maintained stomatal conductance near 0.30 cm s-1 through drying.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sprayed with FAe0
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee0
- Direction
- maintainede0
- Value
- ~0.30 cm s-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants sprayed with FA at the beginning of the cycle maintained a stomatal conductance of ~0.30 cm s-1 for the whole period.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
FA spraying increased chlorophyll in the leaves.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Spraying with FAe0
- Outcome
- chlorophyll in the leavese0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spraying with FA resulted in a higher level of chlorophyll in the leaves and a greater uptake of 32P by the roots.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
FA spraying increased uptake of 32P by the roots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Spraying with FAe0
- Outcome
- uptake of 32P by the rootse0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spraying with FA resulted in a higher level of chlorophyll in the leaves and a greater uptake of 32P by the roots.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought at ear development depressed grain yield by 30%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- droughted at ear-development stagee0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- depressede0
- Value
- 30%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When droughted at ear-development stage, grain yield was depressed by 30%.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
FA spraying raised droughted-plant yield to 97% of irrigated controls.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Spraying with FAe0
- Outcome
- yield of droughted plantse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 97%e0
- Comparator
- irrigated controlse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spraying with FA increased the yield of droughted plants to 97% of the irrigated controls.”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
FA increased field grain yield by 7.3-18.0% while reducing water or hot-wind stress during ear development.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- FAe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7.3-18.0%e0
- Qualifier
- during ear developmente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when FA was used to decrease the water stress or the stress imposed by hot, dry winds during ear development, grain yield increased by 7.3-18.0%.”
t0“wheat”
The same questions in other papers
application · physiology: gas exchange · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
20 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
19 papers more in this group
See all 23 papers →other · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
63 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
71 papers more in this group
See all 75 papers →application · physiology: pigments · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
97 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
102 papers more in this group
See all 106 papers →other · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
205 papers in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
219 papers more in this group
See all 223 papers →application · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
256 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- no effect
271 papers more in this group
See all 275 papers →drought · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
536 papers in the same direction as this paper · 95 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
628 papers more in this group
See all 632 papers →application · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
794 papers in the same direction as this paper · 75 in the opposite direction · 7 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- negative
873 papers more in this group
See all 877 papers →other · physiology: gas exchange · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 of 10 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.