Abstract
Increasing grain protein in new higher‐yielding cereal grains has recently received added attention due to protein premiums paid to farmers. Hard red winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) studies were conducted at two locations in Oklahoma in 1997–1998, 1998–1999, and 1999–2000 to evaluate the effects of late‐season foliar N applications on grain yield, total grain N, straw yield, and total straw N. Foliar applications of N were made at two different times (pre‐ and postflowering) using urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) at rates of 0, 11, 22, 34, and 45 kg N ha −1 . Ammonium sulfate [(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ] was also applied at a single rate of 22 kg N ha −1 both pre‐ and postflowering. A significant linear increase in total grain N was observed for postflowering applications using UAN in five of six site‐years. In four out of the six site‐years, a significant linear increase was observed for preflowering applications of UAN. No consistent increases or decreases from foliar N applications were observed for grain yield, straw yield, or straw N. Over years and locations, UAN applied preflowering and postflowering at 34 kg N ha −1 increased total grain N over that of the check (no foliar N applied) by 2.7 and 2.4 g kg −1 , respectively. Late‐season foliar N applications before or immediately following flowering may significantly enhance grain N content and, thus, percent protein in winter wheat.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Postflowering foliar UAN applications linearly increased total grain N in five of six site-years.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- postflowering applications using UANe1
- Outcome
- total grain Ne1
- Direction
- linear increasee1
- Value
- five of sixe1
- Setting
- Oklahomae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hard red winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) studies were conducted at two locations in Oklahoma”
e1“A significant linear increase in total grain N was observed for postflowering applications using UAN in five of six”
Claim · model-written summary
Preflowering foliar UAN applications linearly increased total grain N in four of six site-years.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- preflowering applications of UANe2
- Outcome
- total grain Ne1
- Direction
- linear increasee2
- Value
- four out of the sixe2
- Setting
- Oklahomae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hard red winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) studies were conducted at two locations in Oklahoma”
e1“A significant linear increase in total grain N was observed for postflowering applications using UAN in five of six”
e2“In four out of the six site‐years, a significant linear increase was observed for preflowering applications of UAN”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar N applications showed no consistent increase or decrease in grain yield, straw yield or straw N.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- foliar N applicationse4
- Outcome
- grain yield, straw yield, or straw Ne4
- Direction
- No consistent increases or decreasese4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hard red winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) studies were conducted at two locations in Oklahoma”
e4“No consistent increases or decreases from foliar N applications were observed for grain yield, straw yield, or straw N”
Claim · model-written summary
UAN applied preflowering at 34 kg N ha −1 increased total grain N over the check by 2.7 g kg −1.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- UAN applied preflowering and postflowering at 34 kg N ha −1e5
- Outcome
- total grain Ne5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 2.7 and 2.4 g kg −1e5
- Qualifier
- prefloweringe5
- Comparator
- check (no foliar N applied)e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hard red winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) studies were conducted at two locations in Oklahoma”
e5“UAN applied preflowering and postflowering at 34 kg N ha −1 increased total grain N over that of the check (no foliar N applied) by 2.7 and 2.4 g kg −1, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
UAN applied postflowering at 34 kg N ha −1 increased total grain N over the check by 2.4 g kg −1.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- UAN applied preflowering and postflowering at 34 kg N ha −1e5
- Outcome
- total grain Ne5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Value
- 2.7 and 2.4 g kg −1e5
- Qualifier
- postfloweringe5
- Comparator
- check (no foliar N applied)e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hard red winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) studies were conducted at two locations in Oklahoma”
e5“UAN applied preflowering and postflowering at 34 kg N ha −1 increased total grain N over that of the check (no foliar N applied) by 2.7 and 2.4 g kg −1, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Late-season foliar N applications before or immediately after flowering may enhance grain N content and percent protein in winter wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- grain N content and, thus, percent proteine6
- Qualifier
- before or immediately following floweringe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hard red winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) studies were conducted at two locations in Oklahoma”
e6“before or immediately following flowering may significantly enhance grain N content and, thus, percent protein in winter wheat”
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application · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
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