Abstract
Abstract Nowadays, due to pollution in world due to due to excessive consumption of mineral fertilizers, the limiting or minimizing their use has become a major strategy for environmentalists. The research work objective was to reduce quantities of mineral fertilizers, especially NPK fertilizers, by gradually replacing nitrogen fertilizers with fulvic acid and biochar. Four different combinations of mineral fertilizers were used as soil application (NPK 1 : 120, 160 and 143, NPK 2 : 180, 310 and 190, NPK 3 : 240, 475 and 240 and NPK 4 : 300, 635 and 285 kg ha -1 ), biochar as soil application (B 0 : without biochar, B 1 : 15 and B 2 : 30 Mg ha -1 ) and fulvic acid as foliar addition (FA 0 : without fulvic acid and FA 1 : 0.2, gL -1 ) were studied using pot experiment during 2017/2018 season using wheat plants. The results indicated general increment trend in almost investigated parameters with increasing fertilizers level especially that combined with biochar at any rate and fulvic acid. The highest soil N and P contents (63.59 and 38.35 mgkg -1 ) were reported with NPK4 + B2 + F1 while the lowest values (31.09 and 2.96 mgkg -1 ) were recorded under the lowest fertilization level without application of B or FA. Unlike, maximum K contents (216.79 and 214.88 mgkg -1 ) were reported under adding the NPK4 or with B2 without FA. The grain yield recorded maximum values (5 Mg ha -1 ) under combined application of maximum NPK fertilizer level, 30 Mg ha -1 of biochar and fulvic acid while applying the minimum NPK fertilization level (level 1) without any applications of biochar or fulvic acid resulted in the lowest values (2.94 Mg ha -1 ). The results showed that it is possible to partially reduce the quantities of mineral fertilizers used and replace them with a complementary addition from fulvic acid and biochar, and this is reflected in the reduction of environmental pollution resulting from the use of mineral fertilizers. Also, the combination of NPK and biochar led to an improvement in the productivity of wheat grown in sandy lands, as it reduced the loss of nutrients, and the addition of fulvic acid led to an increase in plant resistance to stress conditions that appear under sandy soil conditions.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing fertilizer levels generally increased investigated parameters, especially with biochar and fulvic acid.
- Taxon
- wheat plants
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- increasing fertilizers levele0
- Outcome
- almost investigated parameterse0
- Direction
- increment trende0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results indicated general increment trend in almost investigated parameters with increasing fertilizers level especially that combined with biochar at any rate and fulvic acid.”
e1“were studied using pot experiment during 2017/2018 season using wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil N content was 63.59 mgkg -1 under the stated fertilizer regime.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- NPK4 + B2 + F1e0
- Outcome
- soil N and P contentse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 63.59e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest soil N and P contents (63.59 and 38.35 mgkg -1 ) were reported with NPK4 + B2 + F1 while the lowest values (31.09 and 2.96 mgkg -1 ) were recorded under the lowest fertilization level without application of B or FA.”
e1“were studied using pot experiment during 2017/2018 season using wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil P content was 38.35 mgkg -1 under the stated fertilizer regime.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- NPK4 + B2 + F1e0
- Outcome
- soil N and P contentse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 38.35e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest soil N and P contents (63.59 and 38.35 mgkg -1 ) were reported with NPK4 + B2 + F1 while the lowest values (31.09 and 2.96 mgkg -1 ) were recorded under the lowest fertilization level without application of B or FA.”
e1“were studied using pot experiment during 2017/2018 season using wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil N content was 31.09 mgkg -1 under the stated fertilizer regime.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- lowest fertilization level without application of B or FAe0
- Outcome
- soil N and P contentse0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 31.09e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest soil N and P contents (63.59 and 38.35 mgkg -1 ) were reported with NPK4 + B2 + F1 while the lowest values (31.09 and 2.96 mgkg -1 ) were recorded under the lowest fertilization level without application of B or FA.”
e1“were studied using pot experiment during 2017/2018 season using wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil P content was 2.96 mgkg -1 under the stated fertilizer regime.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- lowest fertilization level without application of B or FAe0
- Outcome
- soil N and P contentse0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 2.96e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest soil N and P contents (63.59 and 38.35 mgkg -1 ) were reported with NPK4 + B2 + F1 while the lowest values (31.09 and 2.96 mgkg -1 ) were recorded under the lowest fertilization level without application of B or FA.”
e1“were studied using pot experiment during 2017/2018 season using wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil K content reached 216.79 mgkg -1 with NPK4 or B2 without FA.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- NPK4e0
- Outcome
- K contentse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 216.79e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Unlike, maximum K contents (216.79 and 214.88 mgkg -1 ) were reported under adding the NPK4 or with B2 without FA.”
e1“were studied using pot experiment during 2017/2018 season using wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil K content reached 214.88 mgkg -1 with NPK4 or B2 without FA.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- B2 without FAe0
- Outcome
- K contentse0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 214.88e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Unlike, maximum K contents (216.79 and 214.88 mgkg -1 ) were reported under adding the NPK4 or with B2 without FA.”
e1“were studied using pot experiment during 2017/2018 season using wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined maximum NPK, biochar and fulvic acid gave maximum grain yield of 5 Mg ha -1.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- maximum NPK fertilizer level, 30 Mg ha -1 of biochar and fulvic acide0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 5 Mg ha -1e0
- Comparator
- minimum NPK fertilization level (level 1) without any applications of biochar or fulvic acide0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grain yield recorded maximum values (5 Mg ha -1 ) under combined application of maximum NPK fertilizer level, 30 Mg ha -1 of biochar and fulvic acid while applying the minimum NPK fertilization level (level 1) without any applications of biochar or fulvic acid resulted in the lowest values (2.94 Mg ha -1 ).”
e1“were studied using pot experiment during 2017/2018 season using wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum NPK without biochar or fulvic acid gave lowest grain yield of 2.94 Mg ha -1.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- minimum NPK fertilization level (level 1) without any applications of biochar or fulvic acide0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 2.94 Mg ha -1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The grain yield recorded maximum values (5 Mg ha -1 ) under combined application of maximum NPK fertilizer level, 30 Mg ha -1 of biochar and fulvic acid while applying the minimum NPK fertilization level (level 1) without any applications of biochar or fulvic acid resulted in the lowest values (2.94 Mg ha -1 ).”
e1“were studied using pot experiment during 2017/2018 season using wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that fulvic acid and biochar can partially replace mineral fertilizer and reduce associated pollution.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- partially reduce the quantities of mineral fertilizers used and replace them with a complementary addition from fulvic acid and biochare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that it is possible to partially reduce the quantities of mineral fertilizers used and replace them with a complementary addition from fulvic acid and biochar, and this is reflected in the reduction of environmental pollution resulting from the use of mineral fertilizers.”
e1“were studied using pot experiment during 2017/2018 season using wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK with biochar improved wheat productivity in sandy lands.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- combination of NPK and biochare0
- Outcome
- productivity of wheate0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Setting
- sandy landse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Also, the combination of NPK and biochar led to an improvement in the productivity of wheat grown in sandy lands, as it reduced the loss of nutrients, and the addition of fulvic acid led to an increase in plant resistance to stress conditions that appear under sandy soil conditions.”
e1“were studied using pot experiment during 2017/2018 season using wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK with biochar reduced nutrient losses.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- combination of NPK and biochare0
- Outcome
- loss of nutrientse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Also, the combination of NPK and biochar led to an improvement in the productivity of wheat grown in sandy lands, as it reduced the loss of nutrients, and the addition of fulvic acid led to an increase in plant resistance to stress conditions that appear under sandy soil conditions.”
e1“were studied using pot experiment during 2017/2018 season using wheat plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Fulvic acid increased plant resistance to sandy soil stress.
- Taxon
- wheat plantsTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- fulvic acide0
- Outcome
- plant resistance to stress conditionse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Setting
- sandy soil conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Also, the combination of NPK and biochar led to an improvement in the productivity of wheat grown in sandy lands, as it reduced the loss of nutrients, and the addition of fulvic acid led to an increase in plant resistance to stress conditions that appear under sandy soil conditions.”
e1“were studied using pot experiment during 2017/2018 season using wheat plants”
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