Abstract
Abstract A plant growth‐promoting rhizobacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain IE‐6, and a fungal antagonist, Pochonia chlamydosporia , were tested for their ability to inhibit mycelial growth of root‐infecting fungi under laboratory conditions including Macrophomina phaseolina , Fusarium oxysporum , F. solani and Rhizoctonia solani . Biocontrol effectiveness of the bacterium and the fungus alone or in combination was also determined for the control of root‐infecting fungi under field conditions. In a dual‐culture plate assay, the colonies of P. chlamydosporia and P. aeruginosa met each other and no further growth of either organism occurred. Against M. phaseolina , F. solani and R. solani , an ethyl acetate extract of the culture filtrates of P. aeruginosa inhibited fungal growth greater than the hexane extract, but against F. oxysporum the hexane extract caused greater inhibition of fungal growth. By contrast, against M. phaseolina , F. oxysporum and F. solani , the hexane extract of P. chlamydosporia was more effective in the inhibition of fungal growth than the ethyl acetate fraction. Ethyl acetate extracts of P. aeruginosa at 1.0 mg/ml not only inhibited the radial colony growth of R. solani but also lysed the fungal mycelium. P. aeruginosa produced siderophores and hydrogen cyanide under laboratory conditions. Field experiments conducted in 1997 and repeated in 1998 revealed that Pochonia chlamydosporia and P. aeruginosa significantly suppressed the root‐infecting fungi M. phaseolina , F. oxysporum , F. solani and R. solani and that the combination of the two caused greater inhibition of the fungal pathogens than either alone. Application of P. chlamydosporia and P. aeruginosa as a soil drench also resulted in enhanced growth of tomato plants.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
In dual culture the colonies of Pochonia chlamydosporia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa met and no further growth of either organism occurred.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Interactor
- P. chlamydosporiaPochonia chlamydosporiae0biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- P. aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosae0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- further growth of either organisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Tomato”
e0“the colonies of P. chlamydosporia and P. aeruginosa met each other and no further growth of either organism occurred”
Claim · model-written summary
An ethyl acetate extract of P. aeruginosa culture filtrates inhibited growth of M. phaseolina, F. solani and R. solani more than the hexane extract.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ethyl acetate extract of the culture filtrates of P. aeruginosae1
- Interactor
- M. phaseolina
Macrophomina phaseolinae1pathogen - Second interactor
- P. aeruginosaPseudomonas aeruginosae1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- inhibited fungal growthe1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Comparator
- the hexane extracte1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Tomato”
e1“Against M. phaseolina , F. solani and R. solani, an ethyl acetate extract of the culture filtrates of P. aeruginosa inhibited fungal growth greater than the hexane extract”
Claim · model-written summary
The hexane extract of P. aeruginosa inhibited F. oxysporum growth more than the ethyl acetate extract.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- hexane extracte2
- Interactor
- F. oxysporum
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume2pathogen - Second interactor
- P. aeruginosaPseudomonas aeruginosae1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- inhibition of fungal growthe2
- Direction
- greatere2
- Comparator
- ethyl acetate extracte1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“in Tomato”
e1“Against M. phaseolina , F. solani and R. solani, an ethyl acetate extract of the culture filtrates of P. aeruginosa inhibited fungal growth greater than the hexane extract”
e2“but against F. oxysporum the hexane extract caused greater inhibition of fungal growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The hexane extract of P. chlamydosporia was more effective than its ethyl acetate fraction in inhibiting growth of M. phaseolina, F. oxysporum and F. solani.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- the hexane extract of P. chlamydosporiae3
- Interactor
- M. phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae3pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. chlamydosporiaPochonia chlamydosporiae3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- inhibition of fungal growthe3
- Direction
- more effectivee3
- Comparator
- the ethyl acetate fractione3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Tomato”
e3“By contrast, against M. phaseolina , F. oxysporum and F. solani , the hexane extract of P. chlamydosporia was more effective in the inhibition of fungal growth than the ethyl acetate fraction”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethyl acetate extract of P. aeruginosa at 1.0 mg/ml inhibited radial colony growth of R. solani.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Ethyl acetate extracts of P. aeruginosa at 1.0 mg/mle4
- Interactor
- R. solani
Rhizoctonia solanie4pathogen - Second interactor
- P. aeruginosaPseudomonas aeruginosae4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- radial colony growthe4
- Direction
- inhibitede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Tomato”
e4“Ethyl acetate extracts of P. aeruginosa at 1.0 mg/ml not only inhibited the radial colony growth of R. solani”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethyl acetate extract of P. aeruginosa at 1.0 mg/ml lysed R. solani mycelium.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Ethyl acetate extracts of P. aeruginosa at 1.0 mg/mle4
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie4pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. aeruginosaPseudomonas aeruginosae4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- fungal myceliume5
- Direction
- lysede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Tomato”
e4“Ethyl acetate extracts of P. aeruginosa at 1.0 mg/ml not only inhibited the radial colony growth of R. solani”
e5“but also lysed the fungal mycelium”
Claim · model-written summary
P. aeruginosa produced siderophores and hydrogen cyanide under laboratory conditions.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- P. aeruginosaPseudomonas aeruginosae6biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- siderophores and hydrogen cyanidee6
- Setting
- laboratory conditionse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Tomato”
e6“P. aeruginosa produced siderophores and hydrogen cyanide under laboratory conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Pochonia chlamydosporia and P. aeruginosa significantly suppressed root-infecting fungi M. phaseolina, F. oxysporum, F. solani and R. solani in field experiments.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Pochonia chlamydosporia and P. aeruginosae7
- Interactor
- M. phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae7pathogen
- Second interactor
- Pochonia chlamydosporiaPochonia chlamydosporiae7biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- root‐infecting fungie7
- Direction
- suppressede7
- Setting
- Field experiments conducted in 1997 and repeated in 1998e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Tomato”
e7“Field experiments conducted in 1997 and repeated in 1998 revealed that Pochonia chlamydosporia and P. aeruginosa significantly suppressed the root‐infecting fungi M. phaseolina , F. oxysporum , F. solani and R. solani”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of P. chlamydosporia and P. aeruginosa caused greater inhibition of fungal pathogens than either alone.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- the combination of the twoe1
- Interactor
- fungal pathogense1pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibition of the fungal pathogense1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Comparator
- either alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Tomato”
e1“the combination of the two caused greater inhibition of the fungal pathogens than either alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil drench application of P. chlamydosporia and P. aeruginosa enhanced growth of tomato plants.
- Taxon
- tomato plantsSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- Application of P. chlamydosporia and P. aeruginosa as a soil drenche1
- Interactor
- P. chlamydosporiaPochonia chlamydosporiae1biocontrol_agent
- Second interactor
- P. aeruginosaPseudomonas aeruginosae1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Tomato”
e1“Application of P. chlamydosporia and P. aeruginosa as a soil drench also resulted in enhanced growth of tomato plants”
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See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.