Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of acetone, hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol extracts from leaves, stems, immature green fruits, and red fruits of tomato plants was examined against six phytopathogens. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the acetonic extracts from these four plant parts was lower than that of the other solvents. Among the acetonic extracts, tomato leaves had a lower MIC than the other tomato parts. The acetonic extract from tomato leaves was therefore selected as a source of antimicrobial substances. The acetonic extract from tomato leaves inhibited mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Glomerella cingulata, and Rhizoctonia solani. Mycelial growth of R. solani treated with acetone extract from leaves showed more susceptibility than the other phytopathogens. Using 0.31 mg/ml of the acetonic extract from leaves, mycelial growth of R. solani on days 1, 2, and 3 decreased by 50.0, 52.1, and 64.0%, respectively, compared with acetone solvent treatment. The antimicrobial compounds effective against R. solani were identified as linolenic acid and caffeic acid by bioautography and GC-MS. These two compounds were used to treat six phytopathogens to confirm their antimicrobial activities. Linolenic acid inhibited mycelial growth of R. solani, while caffeic acid showed only slight antimicrobial activity. Results indicated that we propose extracts from tomato leaves which included antimicrobial compounds may provide a new lead in the pursuit of new biological sources of agrochemical candidates.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Acetonic extracts of tomato organs had lower MIC than extracts from other solvents.
- Taxon
- Tomato Plants
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- acetonic extractse0
- Outcome
- minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)e0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- other solventse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the acetonic extracts from these four plant parts was lower than that of the other solvents”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Among acetonic extracts, tomato leaves had lower MIC than other tomato parts.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- MICe0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- other tomato partse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the acetonic extracts, tomato leaves had a lower MIC than the other tomato parts”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato leaf acetone extract inhibited mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- acetonic extracte0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersicie0pathogen - Outcome
- mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersicie0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The acetonic extract from tomato leaves inhibited mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Glomerella cingulata, and Rhizoctonia solani”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato leaf acetone extract inhibited mycelial growth of Glomerella cingulata.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Interactor
- Glomerella cingulata
Colletotrichum gloeosporioidese0pathogen - Outcome
- mycelial growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The acetonic extract from tomato leaves inhibited mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Glomerella cingulata, and Rhizoctonia solani”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Tomato leaf acetone extract inhibited mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solani
Rhizoctonia solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- mycelial growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The acetonic extract from tomato leaves inhibited mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Glomerella cingulata, and Rhizoctonia solani”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
R. solani mycelia were more susceptible to leaf extract than the other pathogens.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- susceptibilitye0
- Direction
- more susceptibilitye0
- Comparator
- other phytopathogense0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mycelial growth of R. solani treated with acetone extract from leaves showed more susceptibility than the other phytopathogens”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
R. solani mycelial growth fell 50.0% on day 1 with leaf extract versus solvent.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 0.31 mg/ml of the acetonic extract from leavese0
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- mycelial growth of R. solanie0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 50.0e0
- Qualifier
- days 1, 2, and 3e0
- Comparator
- acetone solvent treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using 0.31 mg/ml of the acetonic extract from leaves, mycelial growth of R. solani on days 1, 2, and 3 decreased by 50.0, 52.1, and 64.0%, respectively, compared with acetone solvent treatment”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
R. solani mycelial growth fell 52.1% on day 2 with leaf extract versus solvent.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 0.31 mg/ml of the acetonic extract from leavese0
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- mycelial growth of R. solanie0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 52.1e0
- Comparator
- acetone solvent treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using 0.31 mg/ml of the acetonic extract from leaves, mycelial growth of R. solani on days 1, 2, and 3 decreased by 50.0, 52.1, and 64.0%, respectively, compared with acetone solvent treatment”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
R. solani mycelial growth fell 64.0% on day 3 with leaf extract versus solvent.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 0.31 mg/ml of the acetonic extract from leavese0
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- mycelial growth of R. solanie0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 64.0%e0
- Comparator
- acetone solvent treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Using 0.31 mg/ml of the acetonic extract from leaves, mycelial growth of R. solani on days 1, 2, and 3 decreased by 50.0, 52.1, and 64.0%, respectively, compared with acetone solvent treatment”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Linolenic acid and caffeic acid were identified as antimicrobial constituents against R. solani.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- linolenic acid and caffeic acide0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The antimicrobial compounds effective against R. solani were identified as linolenic acid and caffeic acid by bioautography and GC-MS”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Linolenic acid inhibited R. solani mycelial growth.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Interactor
- R. solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- mycelial growth of R. solanie0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Linolenic acid inhibited mycelial growth of R. solani”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Caffeic acid had only slight antimicrobial activity.
- Taxon
- Tomato PlantsSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- antimicrobial activitye0
- Qualifier
- only slighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“caffeic acid showed only slight antimicrobial activity”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose tomato leaf extracts as leads for agrochemical candidates.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Outcome
- new biological sources of agrochemical candidatese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we propose extracts from tomato leaves which included antimicrobial compounds may provide a new lead in the pursuit of new biological sources of agrochemical candidates”
t0“Tomato Plants”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · Rhizoctonia solani · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
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