Abstract
ABSTRACT Root diseases caused by root-rotting fungi and root-knot nematodes are a serious problem in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) production throughout the world. Due to constraints in use of synthetic pesticides, alternate methods for disease management including biocontrol and cultural practices are being sought out. The effect of rhizobia (Bradyrhizobium japonicum), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a plant growth–promoting bacterium (PGPR), and mineral fertilizers (urea and potash) was examined in suppressing the root-rotting fungi and root-knot nematodes. Use of P. aeruginosa and B. japonicum alone or with mineral fertilizers significantly reduced infection of tomato roots by the root-rotting fungi Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani, and Fusarium solani. Application of PGPR and rhizobia with urea or with both urea and potash resulted in greater suppression of M. phaseolina than when either organism was used alone. Use of P. aeruginosa or B. japonicum alone or with mineral fertilizers suppressed the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica by reducing numbers of galls on roots, nematode establishment in roots, and nematode populations in soil. The tallest plants occurred due to treatment with P. aeruginosa combined with potash and urea. The maximum shoot fresh weight occurred when treatment was P. aeruginosa or B. japonicum used with urea and potash or with urea alone. Application of rhizobia or PGPR has a greater potential to suppress tomato root pathogens when used in conjunction with mineral fertilizers then when used alone.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
P. aeruginosa alone or with mineral fertilizers significantly reduced tomato root infection by three root-rotting fungi.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- P. aeruginosae0
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani, and Fusarium solani
Macrophomina phaseolina_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium solani
Rhizoctonia solanie0pathogen - Second interactor
- P. aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosae0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- infection of tomato rootse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Use of P. aeruginosa and B. japonicum alone or with mineral fertilizers significantly reduced infection of tomato roots by the root-rotting fungi Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani, and Fusarium solani.”
Claim · model-written summary
B. japonicum alone or with mineral fertilizers significantly reduced tomato root infection by three root-rotting fungi.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- B. japonicume0
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani, and Fusarium solaniMacrophomina phaseolinaFusarium solaniRhizoctonia solanie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. japonicum
Bradyrhizobium japonicume0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- infection of tomato rootse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Use of P. aeruginosa and B. japonicum alone or with mineral fertilizers significantly reduced infection of tomato roots by the root-rotting fungi Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani, and Fusarium solani.”
Claim · model-written summary
PGPR or rhizobia with urea, or urea and potash, suppressed M. phaseolina more than either organism alone.
- Treatment
- PGPR and rhizobia with urea or with both urea and potashe0
- Interactor
- M. phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen
- Outcome
- suppression of M. phaseolinae0
- Direction
- greater suppressione0
- Comparator
- either organism was used alonee0
Not reportedTaxon
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of PGPR and rhizobia with urea or with both urea and potash resulted in greater suppression of M. phaseolina than when either organism was used alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
P. aeruginosa alone or with mineral fertilizers suppressed M. javanica gall numbers, root establishment and soil populations.
- Treatment
- P. aeruginosae0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne javanicaMeloidogyne javanicae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- P. aeruginosaPseudomonas aeruginosae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- numbers of galls on roots, nematode establishment in roots, and nematode populations in soile0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Use of P. aeruginosa or B. japonicum alone or with mineral fertilizers suppressed the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica by reducing numbers of galls on roots, nematode establishment in roots, and nematode populations in soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
B. japonicum alone or with mineral fertilizers suppressed M. javanica gall numbers, root establishment and soil populations.
- Treatment
- B. japonicume0
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne javanicaMeloidogyne javanicae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. japonicumBradyrhizobium japonicume0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- numbers of galls on roots, nematode establishment in roots, and nematode populations in soile0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Use of P. aeruginosa or B. japonicum alone or with mineral fertilizers suppressed the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica by reducing numbers of galls on roots, nematode establishment in roots, and nematode populations in soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
P. aeruginosa with potash and urea produced the tallest plants.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The tallest plants occurred due to treatment with P. aeruginosa combined with potash and urea.”
Claim · model-written summary
P. aeruginosa or B. japonicum with urea and potash or urea alone produced maximum shoot fresh weight.
- Treatment
- P. aeruginosa or B. japonicum used with urea and potash or with urea alonee0
- Outcome
- shoot fresh weighte0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The maximum shoot fresh weight occurred when treatment was P. aeruginosa or B. japonicum used with urea and potash or with urea alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobia or PGPR should be used with mineral fertilizers for greater potential to suppress tomato root pathogens.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- rhizobia or PGPRe0
- Outcome
- suppress tomato root pathogense0
- Comparator
- when used alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of rhizobia or PGPR has a greater potential to suppress tomato root pathogens when used in conjunction with mineral fertilizers then when used alone.”
The same questions in other papers
Bradyrhizobium japonicum · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Pseudomonas aeruginosa · Fusarium solani · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Pseudomonas aeruginosa · Rhizoctonia solani · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Pseudomonas aeruginosa · Macrophomina phaseolina · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Pseudomonas aeruginosa · Meloidogyne javanica · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Pseudomonas aeruginosa · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results agree
8 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →potassium · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
33 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
43 papers more in this group
See all 47 papers →nitrogen · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
107 papers in the same direction as this paper · 45 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
149 papers more in this group
See all 153 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.