Abstract
Somatic embryo-derived plantlets of pines often fail to survive acclimatization, which limits commercial micropropagation. Conventional hardening methods do not correct the physiological weaknesses of in vitro plantlets, especially the lack of beneficial microbes. Here we developed a practical protocol for resistant Pinus elliottii. First, we used an optimized maturation protocol (three sequential ABA pre-treatments) and glucose for germination. Substrate screening showed that a peat:vermiculite:perlite mixture (3:1:1) gave the highest survival (98.9%). Then, before transplantation, we introduced a key bio-enhancement step: in vitro inoculation with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus orientalis cfcc7668. This treatment achieved a mycorrhization rate of 97.7% and transformed root morphology from thin, sparsely branched roots to a coralloid, dichotomously branched system with a well-developed Hartig net. As a result, mycorrhizal plantlets had 100% transplant survival at 30 days and remained above 94% over 360 days, whereas non-inoculated controls dropped to 95.6% at 30 days and further declined to about 73% after three months. Pre-establishing ectomycorrhizal symbiosis effectively restores a key root function missing in in vitro plantlets. Our integrated procedure provides a practical method for clonal propagation of conifers.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
A peat:vermiculite:perlite substrate mixture (3:1:1) gave the highest survival (98.9%) in substrate screening of Pinus elliottii plantlets.
- Taxon
- Pinus elliottii
.jpg?width=60)
Pinus elliottiit0 - Treatment
- peat:vermiculite:perlite mixture (3:1:1)e0
- Outcome
- survivale0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 98.9%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Pinus elliottii”
e0“Substrate screening showed that a peat:vermiculite:perlite mixture (3:1:1) gave the highest survival (98.9%)”
Claim · model-written summary
In vitro inoculation with Pisolithus orientalis cfcc7668 achieved a mycorrhization rate of 97.7% in Pinus elliottii plantlets.
- Taxon
- Pinus elliottiiPinus elliottiit0
- Treatment
- in vitro inoculation with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus orientalis cfcc7668e0
- Interactor
- Pisolithus orientalis cfcc7668Pisolithus orientalise0symbiont
- Outcome
- mycorrhization ratee1
- Value
- 97.7%e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pinus elliottii”
e0“in vitro inoculation with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus orientalis cfcc7668”
e1“This treatment achieved a mycorrhization rate of 97.7%”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with Pisolithus orientalis changed the root morphology of the plantlets from thin, sparsely branched roots to a coralloid, dichotomously branched system with a well-developed Hartig net.
- Taxon
- Pinus elliottiiPinus elliottiit0
- Treatment
- in vitro inoculation with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus orientalis cfcc7668e0
- Interactor
- Pisolithus orientalis cfcc7668Pisolithus orientalise0symbiont
- Outcome
- root morphologye1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pinus elliottii”
e0“in vitro inoculation with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus orientalis cfcc7668”
e1“transformed root morphology from thin, sparsely branched roots to a coralloid, dichotomously branched system with a well-developed Hartig net”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal plantlets had 100% transplant survival at 30 days, higher than non-inoculated controls (95.6%).
- Taxon
- Pinus elliottiiPinus elliottiit0
- Treatment
- in vitro inoculation with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus orientalis cfcc7668e0
- Interactor
- Pisolithus orientalis cfcc7668Pisolithus orientalise0symbiont
- Outcome
- transplant survivale1
- Value
- 100%e1
- Qualifier
- non-inoculated controls dropped to 95.6% at 30 dayse1
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controlse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pinus elliottii”
e0“in vitro inoculation with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus orientalis cfcc7668”
e1“mycorrhizal plantlets had 100% transplant survival at 30 days and remained above 94% over 360 days, whereas non-inoculated controls dropped to 95.6% at 30 days and further declined to about 73% after three months”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal plantlets remained above 94% survival over 360 days, whereas non-inoculated controls declined to about 73% after three months.
- Taxon
- Pinus elliottiiPinus elliottiit0
- Treatment
- in vitro inoculation with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus orientalis cfcc7668e0
- Interactor
- Pisolithus orientalis cfcc7668Pisolithus orientalise0symbiont
- Outcome
- transplant survivale1
- Value
- above 94%e1
- Qualifier
- further declined to about 73% after three monthse1
- Comparator
- non-inoculated controlse1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pinus elliottii”
e0“in vitro inoculation with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus orientalis cfcc7668”
e1“mycorrhizal plantlets had 100% transplant survival at 30 days and remained above 94% over 360 days, whereas non-inoculated controls dropped to 95.6% at 30 days and further declined to about 73% after three months”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that pre-establishing ectomycorrhizal symbiosis restores a key root function missing in in vitro plantlets.
- Taxon
- Pinus elliottiiPinus elliottiit0
- Treatment
- Pre-establishing ectomycorrhizal symbiosise0
- Outcome
- key root functione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Pinus elliottii”
e0“Pre-establishing ectomycorrhizal symbiosis effectively restores a key root function missing in in vitro plantlets”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors present their integrated procedure as a practical method for clonal propagation of conifers.
- Outcome
- practical method for clonal propagatione0
Verbatim
e0“Our integrated procedure provides a practical method for clonal propagation of conifers”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.