Abstract
Salinization of agricultural areas is one of the main abiotic factors responsible for the reduction of seed germination and vigor. In this context, the use of stress attenuators applied to seeds may contribute to mitigating the effects of salinity and improving the physiological and antioxidant performance of seedlings. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of stress attenuators on the tolerance and antioxidant activity of watermelon Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai cultivars under saline conditions. The study was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, a 3 × 6 factorial scheme was used to evaluate three salinity levels (0, −0.2, and −0.4 MPa) and six watermelon cultivars. In the second stage, in a 2 × 6 factorial scheme, two cultivars (sensitive and tolerant) were subjected to the combination of salinity (−0.4 MPa) and attenuators: hydropriming, gibberellic acid, salicylic acid, and hydrogen peroxide. Physiological and biochemical traits were evaluated, including hydrogen peroxide content, lipid peroxidation, and the activity of the enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase. Salinity reduced germination and seedling vigor, with Crimson Sweet, Charleston Gray, and Charleston Super being the most sensitive cultivars, whereas Congo and Omaru exhibited greater tolerance, and Fairfax also showed good performance under saline conditions. The selection of cultivars for the second stage was based not only on physiological tolerance but also on agronomic and commercial relevance, including post-harvest resistance traits. Seed treatment of Crimson Sweet with salicylic acid and hydrogen peroxide increased antioxidant enzyme activity, with increases of up to 103% in ascorbate peroxidase activity, and reduced oxidative damage, with reductions of 44% in hydrogen peroxide and 49% in malondialdehyde levels. In Fairfax, gibberellic acid contributed to osmotic adjustment, promoting increase of up to 76% in total soluble sugars, while pre-germinative treatment with salicylic acid and hydrogen peroxide promoted higher enzyme activity, contributing to the reduction of oxidative stress.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity reduced watermelon germination and seedling vigor.
- Taxon
- Watermelon
Citrullus lanatust0 - Treatment
- Salinitye0
- Outcome
- germination and seedling vigore0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity reduced germination and seedling vigor”
t0“Watermelon Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Crimson Sweet, Charleston Gray and Charleston Super were the most salinity sensitive cultivars.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Material
- Crimson Sweet, Charleston Gray, and Charleston Supere0
- Outcome
- most sensitive cultivarse0
- Direction
- most sensitivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crimson Sweet, Charleston Gray, and Charleston Super being the most sensitive cultivars”
t0“Watermelon Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Congo and Omaru showed greater salinity tolerance.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Material
- Congo and Omarue0
- Outcome
- tolerancee0
- Direction
- greatere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Congo and Omaru exhibited greater tolerance”
t0“Watermelon Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Fairfax performed well under saline conditions.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Material
- Fairfaxe0
- Outcome
- good performancee0
- Qualifier
- under saline conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fairfax also showed good performance under saline conditions”
t0“Watermelon Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid seed treatment increased antioxidant enzyme activity in Crimson Sweet, including up to 103% more ascorbate peroxidase activity.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Material
- Crimson Sweete0
- Treatment
- salicylic acide0
- Outcome
- ascorbate peroxidase activitye0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- up to 103%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed treatment of Crimson Sweet with salicylic acid and hydrogen peroxide increased antioxidant enzyme activity, with increases of up to 103% in ascorbate peroxidase activity”
t0“Watermelon Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide seed treatment increased antioxidant enzyme activity in Crimson Sweet.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Material
- Crimson Sweete0
- Treatment
- hydrogen peroxidee0
- Outcome
- antioxidant enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed treatment of Crimson Sweet with salicylic acid and hydrogen peroxide increased antioxidant enzyme activity”
t0“Watermelon Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment reduced hydrogen peroxide levels in Crimson Sweet by 44%.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Material
- Crimson Sweete0
- Treatment
- salicylic acid and hydrogen peroxidee0
- Outcome
- hydrogen peroxidee0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 44%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed treatment of Crimson Sweet with salicylic acid and hydrogen peroxide increased antioxidant enzyme activity, with increases of up to 103% in ascorbate peroxidase activity, and reduced oxidative damage, with reductions of 44% in hydrogen peroxide and 49% in malondialdehyde levels”
t0“Watermelon Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment reduced malondialdehyde levels in Crimson Sweet by 49%.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Material
- Crimson Sweete0
- Treatment
- salicylic acid and hydrogen peroxidee0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde levelse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Value
- 49%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed treatment of Crimson Sweet with salicylic acid and hydrogen peroxide increased antioxidant enzyme activity, with increases of up to 103% in ascorbate peroxidase activity, and reduced oxidative damage, with reductions of 44% in hydrogen peroxide and 49% in malondialdehyde levels”
t0“Watermelon Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid increased total soluble sugars in Fairfax by up to 76%.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Material
- Fairfaxe0
- Treatment
- gibberellic acide0
- Outcome
- total soluble sugarse0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- up to 76%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Fairfax, gibberellic acid contributed to osmotic adjustment, promoting increase of up to 76% in total soluble sugars”
t0“Watermelon Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid treatment increased enzyme activity in Fairfax.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Material
- Fairfaxe1
- Treatment
- salicylic acide0
- Outcome
- enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pre-germinative treatment with salicylic acid and hydrogen peroxide promoted higher enzyme activity”
e1“In Fairfax, gibberellic acid”
t0“Watermelon Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen peroxide treatment increased enzyme activity in Fairfax.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Material
- Fairfaxe1
- Treatment
- hydrogen peroxidee0
- Outcome
- enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pre-germinative treatment with salicylic acid and hydrogen peroxide promoted higher enzyme activity”
e1“In Fairfax, gibberellic acid”
t0“Watermelon Seedlings”
The same questions in other papers
salicylic acid · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Results differ
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Gibberellic acid · physiology: osmolytes · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
salicylic acid · physiology: oxidative · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
salinity · growth · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Positive and negative results
16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.