Abstract
Salinity is one of the serious abiotic stresses adversely affecting the productivity of most crops. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and salicylic acid treatments are known to ameliorate salinity stress, but their combined effect has never been examined on watermelon. Therefore, to investigate the synergetic effects of them on vegetative growth, nutrient content, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and fruit yield and quality of watermelon cv. Aswan F1 grown under saline water conditions, a split split-plot design with three replications was conducted in the North Sinai Governorate, Egypt, during the two successive growing seasons of 2020 and 2021. The main factor included irrigation water salinity regimes at three levels: 1600, 4000 and 5000 ppm. Subfactors included arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at two levels (non-inoculated and inoculated), and salicylic acid foliar spraying at four concentrations (0, 1, 2 and 4 mM) in subplots. The results revealed that saline water increasing led to evident reductions in vegetative growth parameters and fruit yield. Mycorrhizal inoculation or foliar application of salicylic acid improved the growth and productivity of watermelon plants under salinity conditions by maintaining a higher leaf relative water content and membrane stability index, enhancing chlorophyll content, and inducing the accumulation of proline and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. In addition, this study affirmed the synergistic effects of mycorrhizal inoculation and salicylic acid spraying on ameliorating the deleterious effects of saline-water irrigation on the growth and productivity of watermelon plants via generating simulative impacts on all physiological and biochemical attributes.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Saline irrigation water reduced vegetative growth and fruit yield of watermelon.
- Taxon
- watermelon
Citrullus lanatust0 - Treatment
- saline watere1
- Outcome
- vegetative growth parameters and fruit yielde1
- Direction
- reductionse1
- Setting
- North Sinai Governorate, Egypte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growth and Productivity of Watermelon”
e0“conducted in the North Sinai Governorate, Egypt”
e1“saline water increasing led to evident reductions in vegetative growth parameters and fruit yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation improved growth and productivity of watermelon under saline irrigation.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- Mycorrhizal inoculatione6
- Interactor
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie3symbiont
- Outcome
- growth and productivitye6
- Direction
- improvede6
- Comparator
- non-inoculatede4
- Setting
- North Sinai Governorate, Egypte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growth and Productivity of Watermelon”
e0“conducted in the North Sinai Governorate, Egypt”
e6“Mycorrhizal inoculation or foliar application of salicylic acid improved the growth and productivity of watermelon plants under salinity conditions by maintaining a higher leaf relative water content and membrane stability index, enhancing chlorophyll content, and inducing the accumulation of proline and the activity of antioxidant enzymes”
e4“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at two levels (non-inoculated and inoculated)”
e3“Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and salicylic acid treatments are known to ameliorate salinity stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar salicylic acid improved growth and productivity of watermelon under saline irrigation.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- foliar application of salicylic acide6
- Outcome
- growth and productivitye6
- Direction
- improvede6
- Setting
- North Sinai Governorate, Egypte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growth and Productivity of Watermelon”
e0“conducted in the North Sinai Governorate, Egypt”
e6“Mycorrhizal inoculation or foliar application of salicylic acid improved the growth and productivity of watermelon plants under salinity conditions by maintaining a higher leaf relative water content and membrane stability index, enhancing chlorophyll content, and inducing the accumulation of proline and the activity of antioxidant enzymes”
Claim · model-written summary
Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation maintained a higher leaf relative water content and membrane stability index in watermelon under saline irrigation.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- Mycorrhizal inoculatione6
- Interactor
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie3symbiont
- Outcome
- leaf relative water content and membrane stability indexe6
- Direction
- highere6
- Comparator
- non-inoculatede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growth and Productivity of Watermelon”
e6“Mycorrhizal inoculation or foliar application of salicylic acid improved the growth and productivity of watermelon plants under salinity conditions by maintaining a higher leaf relative water content and membrane stability index, enhancing chlorophyll content, and inducing the accumulation of proline and the activity of antioxidant enzymes”
e4“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at two levels (non-inoculated and inoculated)”
e3“Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and salicylic acid treatments are known to ameliorate salinity stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar salicylic acid maintained a higher leaf relative water content and membrane stability index in watermelon under saline irrigation.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- foliar application of salicylic acide6
- Outcome
- leaf relative water content and membrane stability indexe6
- Direction
- highere6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growth and Productivity of Watermelon”
e6“Mycorrhizal inoculation or foliar application of salicylic acid improved the growth and productivity of watermelon plants under salinity conditions by maintaining a higher leaf relative water content and membrane stability index, enhancing chlorophyll content, and inducing the accumulation of proline and the activity of antioxidant enzymes”
Claim · model-written summary
Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation enhanced chlorophyll content of watermelon under saline irrigation.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- Mycorrhizal inoculatione6
- Interactor
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie3symbiont
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente6
- Direction
- enhancinge6
- Comparator
- non-inoculatede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growth and Productivity of Watermelon”
e6“Mycorrhizal inoculation or foliar application of salicylic acid improved the growth and productivity of watermelon plants under salinity conditions by maintaining a higher leaf relative water content and membrane stability index, enhancing chlorophyll content, and inducing the accumulation of proline and the activity of antioxidant enzymes”
e4“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at two levels (non-inoculated and inoculated)”
e3“Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and salicylic acid treatments are known to ameliorate salinity stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar salicylic acid enhanced chlorophyll content of watermelon under saline irrigation.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- foliar application of salicylic acide6
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente6
- Direction
- enhancinge6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growth and Productivity of Watermelon”
e6“Mycorrhizal inoculation or foliar application of salicylic acid improved the growth and productivity of watermelon plants under salinity conditions by maintaining a higher leaf relative water content and membrane stability index, enhancing chlorophyll content, and inducing the accumulation of proline and the activity of antioxidant enzymes”
Claim · model-written summary
Arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation induced proline accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activity in watermelon under saline irrigation.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- Mycorrhizal inoculatione6
- Interactor
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungie3symbiont
- Outcome
- the accumulation of proline and the activity of antioxidant enzymese6
- Direction
- inducinge6
- Comparator
- non-inoculatede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growth and Productivity of Watermelon”
e6“Mycorrhizal inoculation or foliar application of salicylic acid improved the growth and productivity of watermelon plants under salinity conditions by maintaining a higher leaf relative water content and membrane stability index, enhancing chlorophyll content, and inducing the accumulation of proline and the activity of antioxidant enzymes”
e4“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at two levels (non-inoculated and inoculated)”
e3“Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and salicylic acid treatments are known to ameliorate salinity stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar salicylic acid induced proline accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activity in watermelon under saline irrigation.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- foliar application of salicylic acide6
- Outcome
- the accumulation of proline and the activity of antioxidant enzymese6
- Direction
- inducinge6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growth and Productivity of Watermelon”
e6“Mycorrhizal inoculation or foliar application of salicylic acid improved the growth and productivity of watermelon plants under salinity conditions by maintaining a higher leaf relative water content and membrane stability index, enhancing chlorophyll content, and inducing the accumulation of proline and the activity of antioxidant enzymes”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined mycorrhizal inoculation and salicylic acid spraying synergistically ameliorated the deleterious effects of saline-water irrigation on watermelon.
- Taxon
- watermelon plantsCitrullus lanatuse7
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal inoculation and salicylic acid sprayinge7
- Outcome
- deleterious effects of saline-water irrigatione7
- Direction
- amelioratinge7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Growth and Productivity of Watermelon”
e7“synergistic effects of mycorrhizal inoculation and salicylic acid spraying on ameliorating the deleterious effects of saline-water irrigation on the growth and productivity of watermelon plants”
The same questions in other papers
salicylic acid · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Results differ
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →salicylic acid · yield · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
salicylic acid · physiology: pigments · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
application · yield · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Positive and negative results
23 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- positive
22 papers more in this group
See all 26 papers →mycorrhiza · physiology: water · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
application · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
mycorrhiza · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
salinity · yield · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
8 of 13 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.