Abstract
Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is susceptible to wilt disease caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp niveum (FON). Intercropping management of watermelon/aerobic rice (Oryza sativa) alleviates watermelon wilt disease, because some unidentified component(s) in rice root exudates suppress FON sporulation and spore germination. Here, we show that the phenolic acid p-coumaric acid is present in rice root exudates only, and it inhibits FON spore germination and sporulation. We found that exogenously applied p-coumaric acid up-regulated the expression of ClPR3 in roots, as well as increased chitinase activity in leaves. Furthermore, exogenously applied p-coumaric acid increased β-1,3-glucanase activity in watermelon roots. By contrast, we found that ferulic acid was secreted by watermelon roots, but not by rice roots, and that it stimulated spore germination and sporulation of FON. Exogenous application of ferulic acid down-regulated ClPR3 expression and inhibited chitinase activity in watermelon leaves. Salicylic acid was detected in both watermelon and rice root exudates, which stimulated FON spore germination at low concentrations and suppressed spore germination at high concentrations. Exogenously applied salicylic acid did not alter ClPR3 expression, but did increase chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase activities in watermelon leaves. Together, our results show that the root exudates of phenolic acids were different between rice and watermelon, which lead to their special ecological roles on pathogenic fungus and watermelon defense.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
p-Coumaric acid was found only in rice root exudates.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- roote0
- Outcome
- p-coumaric acid is presente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“p-coumaric acid is present in rice root exudates only”
Claim · model-written summary
p-Coumaric acid inhibited FON spore germination and sporulation.
- Taxon
- Watermelon
Citrullus lanatuse1 - Treatment
- p-coumaric acide0
- Interactor
- FONe0pathogen
- Outcome
- FON spore germination and sporulatione0
- Direction
- inhibitse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the phenolic acid p-coumaric acid is present in rice root exudates only, and it inhibits FON spore germination and sporulation”
e1“Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is susceptible to wilt disease caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp niveum (FON).”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied p-coumaric acid increased ClPR3 expression in roots.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- p-coumaric acide0
- Gene
- ClPR3e0
- Outcome
- expression of ClPR3e0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenously applied p-coumaric acid up-regulated the expression of ClPR3 in roots”
e1“Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied p-coumaric acid increased leaf chitinase activity.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- p-coumaric acide0
- Gene
- chitinasee0
- Outcome
- chitinase activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenously applied p-coumaric acid up-regulated the expression of ClPR3 in roots, as well as increased chitinase activity in leaves”
e1“Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied p-coumaric acid increased β-1,3-glucanase activity in watermelon roots.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- p-coumaric acide0
- Gene
- β-1,3-glucanasee0
- Outcome
- β-1,3-glucanase activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“exogenously applied p-coumaric acid increased β-1,3-glucanase activity in watermelon roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Ferulic acid was secreted by watermelon roots but not rice roots.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- ferulic acid was secretede0
- Comparator
- rice rootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ferulic acid was secreted by watermelon roots, but not by rice roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Ferulic acid stimulated FON spore germination and sporulation.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- ferulic acide0
- Interactor
- FONe0pathogen
- Outcome
- spore germination and sporulation of FONe0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ferulic acid was secreted by watermelon roots, but not by rice roots, and that it stimulated spore germination and sporulation of FON”
Claim · model-written summary
Ferulic acid down-regulated ClPR3 expression.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Treatment
- ferulic acide0
- Gene
- ClPR3e0
- Outcome
- ClPR3 expressione0
- Direction
- down-regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous application of ferulic acid down-regulated ClPR3 expression”
e1“chitinase activity in watermelon leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Ferulic acid inhibited chitinase activity in watermelon leaves.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- ferulic acide0
- Outcome
- chitinase activitye0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous application of ferulic acid down-regulated ClPR3 expression and inhibited chitinase activity in watermelon leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid was detected in both watermelon and rice root exudates.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Outcome
- Salicylic acid was detectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salicylic acid was detected in both watermelon and rice root exudates”
Claim · model-written summary
Low salicylic acid concentrations stimulated FON spore germination.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- Salicylic acide0
- Interactor
- FONe0pathogen
- Outcome
- FON spore germinatione0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Qualifier
- low concentrationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salicylic acid was detected in both watermelon and rice root exudates, which stimulated FON spore germination at low concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
High salicylic acid concentrations suppressed FON spore germination.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- Salicylic acide0
- Interactor
- FONe0pathogen
- Outcome
- spore germinatione0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Qualifier
- high concentrationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salicylic acid was detected in both watermelon and rice root exudates, which stimulated FON spore germination at low concentrations and suppressed spore germination at high concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied salicylic acid did not alter ClPR3 expression.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Treatment
- salicylic acide0
- Gene
- ClPR3e0
- Outcome
- ClPR3 expressione0
- Direction
- did not altere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenously applied salicylic acid did not alter ClPR3 expression”
e1“activities in watermelon leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied salicylic acid increased chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase activities in watermelon leaves.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- salicylic acide0
- Outcome
- chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase activitiese0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenously applied salicylic acid did not alter ClPR3 expression, but did increase chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase activities in watermelon leaves”
The same questions in other papers
salicylic acid · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Results differ
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4 in the opposite direction
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.