Abstract
This comprehensive study investigated the impact of arsenic (As) exposure on hydroponically grown Oryza sativa L. seedlings, with a focus on the mitigating effects of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and kinetin (KN) phytohormones.The results unequivocally demonstrated that As exposure at both 50 and 100 mM doses profoundly impaired shoot and root growth, as well as their ratio, underscoring the severity of As-induced stress.Moreover, As exposure had a deleterious impact on photosynthetic activity and protein content, while respiratory O 2 uptake exhibited a contrasting response.Furthermore, As exposure triggered a significant increase in superoxide radicals (SOR) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) levels, leading to lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage.In stark contrast, supplementation with IAA and KN remarkably alleviated As toxicity in rice seedlings, as evidenced by improved growth parameters, enhanced photosynthetic activity, and reduced oxidative stress markers.Both phytohormones augmented the activity of AsA-GSH cycle enzymes, including ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), as well as their associated metabolites, ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH), thereby minimizing oxidative stress caused by As toxicity.Notably, a comparative analysis of the responses to both hormone treatments revealed that KN was more efficacious than IAA in counteracting the detrimental effects of As and promoting the growth of rice seedlings under stress conditions.These findings have significant implications for the development of novel strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of As on crop productivity, suggesting that KN may be a more potent phytoprotectant against As toxicity in rice.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Arsenic at 50 and 100 mM impaired rice seedling shoot and root growth and their ratio.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- As exposure at both 50 and 100 mM dosese0
- Outcome
- shoot and root growth, as well as their ratioe0
- Direction
- impairede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As exposure at both 50 and 100 mM doses profoundly impaired shoot and root growth, as well as their ratio”
t0“Oryza sativa L. seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Arsenic exposure harmed rice photosynthetic activity and protein content.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- As exposuree0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic activity and protein contente0
- Direction
- deleteriouse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As exposure had a deleterious impact on photosynthetic activity and protein content”
t0“Oryza sativa L. seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Respiratory oxygen uptake responded differently to arsenic exposure.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- As exposuree0
- Outcome
- respiratory O 2 uptakee0
- Direction
- contrasting responsee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As exposure had a deleterious impact on photosynthetic activity and protein content, while respiratory O 2 uptake exhibited a contrasting response”
t0“Oryza sativa L. seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Arsenic increased superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide in rice seedlings.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- As exposuree0
- Outcome
- superoxide radicals (SOR) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) levelse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As exposure triggered a significant increase in superoxide radicals (SOR) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) levels”
t0“Oryza sativa L. seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Arsenic exposure led to lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- As exposuree0
- Outcome
- lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakagee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As exposure triggered a significant increase in superoxide radicals (SOR) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) levels, leading to lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage”
t0“Oryza sativa L. seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
IAA supplementation improved rice growth, photosynthesis and oxidative stress markers under arsenic stress.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- IAAe0
- Outcome
- growth parameters, enhanced photosynthetic activity, and reduced oxidative stress markerse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“supplementation with IAA and KN remarkably alleviated As toxicity in rice seedlings, as evidenced by improved growth parameters, enhanced photosynthetic activity, and reduced oxidative stress markers”
Claim · model-written summary
Kinetin supplementation improved rice growth, photosynthesis and oxidative stress markers under arsenic stress.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- KNe0
- Outcome
- growth parameters, enhanced photosynthetic activity, and reduced oxidative stress markerse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“supplementation with IAA and KN remarkably alleviated As toxicity in rice seedlings, as evidenced by improved growth parameters, enhanced photosynthetic activity, and reduced oxidative stress markers”
Claim · model-written summary
Both hormones augmented ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Both phytohormonese0
- Outcome
- activity of AsA-GSH cycle enzymese0
- Direction
- augmentede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both phytohormones augmented the activity of AsA-GSH cycle enzymes, including ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR)”
t0“Oryza sativa L. seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Both hormones augmented ascorbate and glutathione metabolites.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Both phytohormonese0
- Outcome
- ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both phytohormones augmented the activity of AsA-GSH cycle enzymes, including ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), as well as their associated metabolites, ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH)”
t0“Oryza sativa L. seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Kinetin was more efficacious than IAA in counteracting arsenic effects and promoting rice seedling growth.
- Taxon
- rice seedlingsOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- KNe0
- Outcome
- counteracting the detrimental effects of As and promoting the growthe0
- Direction
- more efficaciouse0
- Comparator
- IAAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“KN was more efficacious than IAA in counteracting the detrimental effects of As and promoting the growth of rice seedlings under stress conditions”
The same questions in other papers
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3 papers in the same direction as this paper
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13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
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See all 16 papers →8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.