Abstract
Cereal embryos can produce two types of callus. One type, termed "embryogenic," consists of small meristematic-like cells and gives rise to many plants by somatic embryogenesis if placed on a suitable regeneration medium. The other is termed "nonembryogenic" and consists of long tubular cells which gives rise to few or no plants. High concentrations of tryptophan increased the formation of embryogenic callus in three rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L. Calrose 76, Pokkali, and IR 36) but not in four others (Mahsuri, Bg 400-1, H(4), and Giza 159). The best concentration of tryptophan for Pokkali and Calrose 76 was 100 micrograms per milliliter, and for IR 36, 50 micrograms per milliliter. Indoleacetic acid at 100 micrograms per milliliter promoted an effect similar to that of tryptophan on Calrose 76. The difference between japonica (Calrose 76, Giza 159) and indica (Pokkali, IR 36) varieties is not the causal factor for the difference in response to tryptophan. Kinetin does not appear to be a requirement for embryogenic callus formation in Calrose 76. Plant regeneration from Calrose 76 embryogenic callus occurred at low levels in media containing no hormones. 6-benzyladenine, or 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid but not indoleacetic acid at 0.1 to 0.5 micrograms per milliliter significantly increased regeneration.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
High concentrations of tryptophan increased embryogenic callus formation in three rice cultivars.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- Calrose 76, Pokkali, and IR 36e1
- Treatment
- High concentrations of tryptophane1
- Outcome
- formation of embryogenic calluse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tryptophan Enhancement of Somatic Embryogenesis in Rice”
e1“High concentrations of tryptophan increased the formation of embryogenic callus in three rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L. Calrose 76, Pokkali, and IR 36)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tryptophan did not increase embryogenic callus formation in four other rice cultivars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Mahsuri, Bg 400-1, H(4), and Giza 159e2
- Treatment
- High concentrations of tryptophane1
- Outcome
- formation of embryogenic calluse1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tryptophan Enhancement of Somatic Embryogenesis in Rice”
e1“High concentrations of tryptophan increased the formation of embryogenic callus in three rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L. Calrose 76, Pokkali, and IR 36)”
e2“but not in four others (Mahsuri, Bg 400-1, H(4), and Giza 159)”
Claim · model-written summary
The best tryptophan concentration for embryogenic callus formation was 100 micrograms per milliliter in Pokkali and Calrose 76 and 50 in IR 36.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Pokkali and Calrose 76e3
- Outcome
- best concentration of tryptophane3
- Value
- 100 micrograms per millilitere3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tryptophan Enhancement of Somatic Embryogenesis in Rice”
e3“The best concentration of tryptophan for Pokkali and Calrose 76 was 100 micrograms per milliliter, and for IR 36, 50 micrograms per milliliter”
Claim · model-written summary
Indoleacetic acid at 100 micrograms per milliliter promoted embryogenic callus formation in Calrose 76 similarly to tryptophan.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Calrose 76e4
- Treatment
- Indoleacetic acid at 100 micrograms per millilitere4
- Outcome
- an effect similar to that of tryptophane4
- Direction
- promotede4
- Comparator
- tryptophane4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tryptophan Enhancement of Somatic Embryogenesis in Rice”
e4“Indoleacetic acid at 100 micrograms per milliliter promoted an effect similar to that of tryptophan on Calrose 76”
Claim · model-written summary
Kinetin is not a requirement for embryogenic callus formation in Calrose 76.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Calrose 76e5
- Outcome
- embryogenic callus formatione5
- Qualifier
- does not appear to be a requiremente5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tryptophan Enhancement of Somatic Embryogenesis in Rice”
e5“Kinetin does not appear to be a requirement for embryogenic callus formation in Calrose 76”
Claim · model-written summary
Calrose 76 embryogenic callus regenerated plants at low levels in media without hormones.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Calrose 76e6
- Outcome
- Plant regeneratione6
- Qualifier
- at low levels in media containing no hormonese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tryptophan Enhancement of Somatic Embryogenesis in Rice”
e6“Plant regeneration from Calrose 76 embryogenic callus occurred at low levels in media containing no hormones”
Claim · model-written summary
6-benzyladenine at 0.1 to 0.5 micrograms per milliliter significantly increased plant regeneration from rice callus.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 6-benzyladeninee7
- Outcome
- regeneratione7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Value
- 0.1 to 0.5 micrograms per millilitere7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tryptophan Enhancement of Somatic Embryogenesis in Rice”
e7“6-benzyladenine, or 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid but not indoleacetic acid at 0.1 to 0.5 micrograms per milliliter significantly increased regeneration”
Claim · model-written summary
2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid at 0.1 to 0.5 micrograms per milliliter significantly increased plant regeneration from rice callus.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acide7
- Outcome
- regeneratione7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Value
- 0.1 to 0.5 micrograms per millilitere7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tryptophan Enhancement of Somatic Embryogenesis in Rice”
e7“6-benzyladenine, or 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid but not indoleacetic acid at 0.1 to 0.5 micrograms per milliliter significantly increased regeneration”
Claim · model-written summary
Indoleacetic acid at 0.1 to 0.5 micrograms per milliliter did not significantly change rice plant regeneration.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- indoleacetic acide7
- Outcome
- regeneratione7
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede7
- Value
- 0.1 to 0.5 micrograms per millilitere7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Tryptophan Enhancement of Somatic Embryogenesis in Rice”
e7“6-benzyladenine, or 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid but not indoleacetic acid at 0.1 to 0.5 micrograms per milliliter significantly increased regeneration”
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See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.