Abstract
BACKGROUND: Isolated microspore culture is a useful biotechnological technique applied in modern plant breeding programs as it can produce doubled haploid (DH) plants and accelerate the development of new varieties. Furthermore, as a single-cell culture technique, the isolated microspore culture provides an excellent platform for studying microspore embryogenesis. However, the reports on isolated microspore culture are rather limited in rice due to the low callus induction rate, poor regeneration capability, and high genotypic dependency. The present study developed an effective isolated microspore culture protocol for high-frequency androgenesis in four japonica rice genotypes. Several factors affecting the isolated microspore culture were studied to evaluate their effects on callus induction and plantlet regeneration. RESULTS: Low-temperature pre-treatment at 4 ℃ for 10-15 days could effectively promote microspore embryogenesis in japonica rice. A simple and efficient method was proposed for identifying the microspore developmental stage. The anthers in yellow-green florets located on the second type of primary branch on the rice panicle were found to be the optimal stage for isolated microspore culture. The most effective induction media for callus induction were IM2 and IM3, depending on the genotype. The optimal concentration of 2, 4-D in the medium for callus induction was 1 mg/L. Callus induction was negatively affected by a high concentration of KT over 1.5 mg/L. The differentiation medium suitable for japonica rice microspore callus comprised 1/2 MS, 2 mg/L 6-BA, 0.5 mg/L NAA, 30 g/L sucrose, and 6 g/L agar. The regeneration frequency of the four genotypes ranged from 61-211 green plantlets per 100 mg calli, with Chongxiangjing showing the highest regeneration frequency. CONCLUSIONS: This study presented an efficient protocol for improved callus induction and green plantlet regeneration in japonica rice via isolated microspore culture, which could provide valuable support for rice breeding and genetic research.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Low-temperature pretreatment at 4 ℃ for 10-15 days promoted microspore embryogenesis in japonica rice.
- Taxon
- japonica rice
_by_Augustus_Binu.jpg?width=60)
Oryza sativa Japonica Groupt0 - Treatment
- Low-temperature pre-treatment at 4 ℃ for 10-15 dayse1
- Outcome
- microspore embryogenesise1
- Direction
- promotee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_by_Augustus_Binu.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“japonica rice”
e1“Low-temperature pre-treatment at 4 ℃ for 10-15 days could effectively promote microspore embryogenesis in japonica rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Anthers in yellow-green florets on the second type of primary branch were the optimal stage for isolated microspore culture in rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae2 - Organ / stage
- anthers in yellow-green floretse2
- Outcome
- optimal stage for isolated microspore culturee2
- Qualifier
- second type of primary branche2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“japonica rice”
e2“The anthers in yellow-green florets located on the second type of primary branch on the rice panicle were found to be the optimal stage for isolated microspore culture”
Claim · model-written summary
IM2 and IM3 were the most effective induction media for callus induction in japonica rice microspore culture, depending on genotype.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupt0
- Treatment
- IM2 and IM3e3
- Outcome
- callus inductione3
- Direction
- most effectivee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“japonica rice”
e3“The most effective induction media for callus induction were IM2 and IM3, depending on the genotype”
Claim · model-written summary
The optimal 2, 4-D concentration for callus induction in japonica rice microspore culture was 1 mg/L.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupt0
- Treatment
- 2, 4-De4
- Outcome
- callus inductione4
- Direction
- optimale4
- Value
- 1 mg/Le4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“japonica rice”
e4“The optimal concentration of 2, 4-D in the medium for callus induction was 1 mg/L”
Claim · model-written summary
A high concentration of KT (over 1.5 mg/L) negatively affected callus induction in japonica rice microspore culture.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupt0
- Treatment
- high concentration of KTe5
- Outcome
- Callus inductione5
- Direction
- negatively affectede5
- Value
- over 1.5 mg/Le5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“japonica rice”
e5“Callus induction was negatively affected by a high concentration of KT over 1.5 mg/L”
Claim · model-written summary
The differentiation medium for japonica rice microspore callus comprised 1/2 MS, 2 mg/L 6-BA, 0.5 mg/L NAA, 30 g/L sucrose and 6 g/L agar.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupe6
- Outcome
- differentiation mediume6
- Qualifier
- 1/2 MS, 2 mg/L 6-BA, 0.5 mg/L NAA, 30 g/L sucrose, and 6 g/L agare6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“japonica rice”
e6“The differentiation medium suitable for japonica rice microspore callus comprised 1/2 MS, 2 mg/L 6-BA, 0.5 mg/L NAA, 30 g/L sucrose, and 6 g/L agar”
Claim · model-written summary
Regeneration frequency of the four japonica rice genotypes ranged from 61 to 211 green plantlets per 100 mg calli.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupt0
- Outcome
- regeneration frequencye7
- Value
- 61-211 green plantlets per 100 mg callie7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“japonica rice”
e7“The regeneration frequency of the four genotypes ranged from 61-211 green plantlets per 100 mg calli, with Chongxiangjing showing the highest regeneration frequency”
Claim · model-written summary
Chongxiangjing had the highest regeneration frequency among the japonica rice genotypes tested.
- Taxon
- japonica riceOryza sativa Japonica Groupt0
- Material
- Chongxiangjinge7
- Outcome
- regeneration frequencye7
- Direction
- higheste7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“japonica rice”
e7“The regeneration frequency of the four genotypes ranged from 61-211 green plantlets per 100 mg calli, with Chongxiangjing showing the highest regeneration frequency”
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