Abstract
The research entitled “Effect of Nano Phosphorus Conjugate Levels and different Mulches on Growth indices of Green Gram (Vigna radiata. L)” was conducted during the summer season of 2025 at the Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Dapoli. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design comprising three levels of nano phosphorus conjugate levels (P1 - Nano phosphorus @ 100 ppm, P2 -Nano conjugate phosphorus @ 100 ppm, and P3 - Nano conjugate phosphorus @ 200 ppm) as main plot treatments, and six mulches treatments including 100% wool mulch (200GSM) (M1), 100% wool mulch with micronutrients (200GSM) (M2), polythene mulch (Silver black 30 micron) (M3), paddy straw mulch (M4), wool-coir-jute blend (200GSM) (M5), and without mulch (M6) in sub-plots. Results revealed that nano phosphorus conjugate @ 200 ppm (P3) significantly enhanced plant growth attributes such as plant height, number of branches, trifoliate leaves, leaf area, and leaf area index, at all growth stages of green gram. Similarly, mulch treatment 100% wool mulch with micronutrients (M2) highest value recorded. The interaction of nano phosphorus conjugate @ 200 ppm and 100% wool mulch with micronutrients (P3M2) was found to be most effective in enhancing growth parameters, including maximum plant height (51.10 cm), number of branches (5.58), Leaf area (1529.13cm2), Leaf area index (2.45) plant dry matter accumulation (17.95 g) and number of nodules at peak flowering (37.52). conversely, the highest number of nodules at flowering initiation (45.17) was recorded under the treatment combination of nano phosphorus conjugate @ 200 ppm combined paddy straw mulch (P3M4). From the study, it is concluded that the application of nano phosphorus conjugate @ 200 ppm in combination with 100% wool mulch enriched with micronutrients (P3M2) offers a sustainable and effective agronomic strategy for maximizing green gram productivity and profitability during summer season under Konkan conditions.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Nano phosphorus conjugate at 200 ppm significantly enhanced plant height, branches and trifoliate leaves.
- Taxon
- green gram
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiata var. radiatae1 - Treatment
- nano phosphorus conjugate @ 200 ppme0
- Outcome
- plant height, number of branches, trifoliate leavese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“nano phosphorus conjugate @ 200 ppm (P3) significantly enhanced plant growth attributes such as plant height, number of branches, trifoliate leaves, leaf area, and leaf area index, at all growth stages of green gram”
e1“green gram (Vigna radiata. L)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nano phosphorus conjugate at 200 ppm significantly enhanced leaf area and leaf area index.
- Taxon
- green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae1
- Treatment
- nano phosphorus conjugate @ 200 ppme0
- Outcome
- leaf areae0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- all growth stagese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“nano phosphorus conjugate @ 200 ppm (P3) significantly enhanced plant growth attributes such as plant height, number of branches, trifoliate leaves, leaf area, and leaf area index, at all growth stages of green gram”
e1“green gram (Vigna radiata. L)”
Claim · model-written summary
Wool mulch with micronutrients recorded the highest growth value.
- Taxon
- green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae1
- Treatment
- 100% wool mulch with micronutrients (M2)e0
- Outcome
- highest valuee0
- Direction
- highest valuee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mulch treatment 100% wool mulch with micronutrients (M2) highest value recorded”
e1“green gram (Vigna radiata. L)”
Claim · model-written summary
The P3M2 combination maximized plant height at 51.10 cm.
- Taxon
- green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae1
- Treatment
- nano phosphorus conjugate @ 200 ppm and 100% wool mulch with micronutrients (P3M2)e0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 51.10 cme0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction of nano phosphorus conjugate @ 200 ppm and 100% wool mulch with micronutrients (P3M2) was found to be most effective in enhancing growth parameters, including maximum plant height (51.10 cm), number of branches (5.58), Leaf area (1529.13cm2), Leaf area index (2.45) plant dry matter accumulation (17.95 g) and number of nodules at peak flowering (37.52)”
e1“green gram (Vigna radiata. L)”
Claim · model-written summary
The P3M2 combination maximized number of branches at 5.58.
- Taxon
- green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae1
- Treatment
- nano phosphorus conjugate @ 200 ppm and 100% wool mulch with micronutrients (P3M2)e0
- Outcome
- number of branchese0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 5.58e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction of nano phosphorus conjugate @ 200 ppm and 100% wool mulch with micronutrients (P3M2) was found to be most effective in enhancing growth parameters, including maximum plant height (51.10 cm), number of branches (5.58), Leaf area (1529.13cm2), Leaf area index (2.45) plant dry matter accumulation (17.95 g) and number of nodules at peak flowering (37.52)”
e1“green gram (Vigna radiata. L)”
Claim · model-written summary
The P3M2 combination maximized Leaf area at 1529.13cm2.
- Taxon
- green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae1
- Treatment
- nano phosphorus conjugate @ 200 ppm and 100% wool mulch with micronutrients (P3M2)e0
- Outcome
- Leaf areae0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 1529.13cm2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction of nano phosphorus conjugate @ 200 ppm and 100% wool mulch with micronutrients (P3M2) was found to be most effective in enhancing growth parameters, including maximum plant height (51.10 cm), number of branches (5.58), Leaf area (1529.13cm2), Leaf area index (2.45) plant dry matter accumulation (17.95 g) and number of nodules at peak flowering (37.52)”
e1“green gram (Vigna radiata. L)”
Claim · model-written summary
The P3M2 combination maximized Leaf area index at 2.45.
- Taxon
- green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae1
- Treatment
- nano phosphorus conjugate @ 200 ppm and 100% wool mulch with micronutrients (P3M2)e0
- Outcome
- Leaf area indexe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 2.45e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction of nano phosphorus conjugate @ 200 ppm and 100% wool mulch with micronutrients (P3M2) was found to be most effective in enhancing growth parameters, including maximum plant height (51.10 cm), number of branches (5.58), Leaf area (1529.13cm2), Leaf area index (2.45) plant dry matter accumulation (17.95 g) and number of nodules at peak flowering (37.52)”
e1“green gram (Vigna radiata. L)”
Claim · model-written summary
The P3M2 combination maximized plant dry matter accumulation at 17.95 g.
- Taxon
- green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae1
- Treatment
- nano phosphorus conjugate @ 200 ppm and 100% wool mulch with micronutrients (P3M2)e0
- Outcome
- plant dry matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 17.95 ge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction of nano phosphorus conjugate @ 200 ppm and 100% wool mulch with micronutrients (P3M2) was found to be most effective in enhancing growth parameters, including maximum plant height (51.10 cm), number of branches (5.58), Leaf area (1529.13cm2), Leaf area index (2.45) plant dry matter accumulation (17.95 g) and number of nodules at peak flowering (37.52)”
e1“green gram (Vigna radiata. L)”
Claim · model-written summary
The P3M2 combination maximized number of nodules at peak flowering at 37.52.
- Taxon
- green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae1
- Treatment
- nano phosphorus conjugate @ 200 ppm and 100% wool mulch with micronutrients (P3M2)e0
- Outcome
- number of nodules at peak floweringe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 37.52e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction of nano phosphorus conjugate @ 200 ppm and 100% wool mulch with micronutrients (P3M2) was found to be most effective in enhancing growth parameters, including maximum plant height (51.10 cm), number of branches (5.58), Leaf area (1529.13cm2), Leaf area index (2.45) plant dry matter accumulation (17.95 g) and number of nodules at peak flowering (37.52)”
e1“green gram (Vigna radiata. L)”
Claim · model-written summary
P3 plus paddy straw mulch gave the highest nodules at flowering initiation, 45.17.
- Taxon
- green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae1
- Treatment
- nano phosphorus conjugate @ 200 ppm combined paddy straw mulch (P3M4)e0
- Outcome
- number of nodules at flowering initiatione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 45.17e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“highest number of nodules at flowering initiation (45.17) was recorded under the treatment combination of nano phosphorus conjugate @ 200 ppm combined paddy straw mulch (P3M4)”
e1“green gram (Vigna radiata. L)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend P3M2 for summer green gram productivity and profitability in Konkan.
- Taxon
- green gramVigna radiata var. radiatae1
- Treatment
- nano phosphorus conjugate @ 200 ppm in combination with 100% wool mulch enriched with micronutrients (P3M2)e0
- Outcome
- maximizing green gram productivity and profitabilitye0
- Setting
- Konkan conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of nano phosphorus conjugate @ 200 ppm in combination with 100% wool mulch enriched with micronutrients (P3M2) offers a sustainable and effective agronomic strategy for maximizing green gram productivity and profitability during summer season under Konkan conditions”
e1“green gram (Vigna radiata. L)”
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8 of 13 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.