Abstract
Sodium nitrate has been used industrially in a number of work fields ranging from agriculture to food industry. Sodium nitrate and nitrite are associated with a higher risk of cancer in human beings. In present study, the effect of sodium nitrate on germinating seeds was studied. Two different sets of ungerminated Vigna radiata seeds were taken. In one set Vigna radiata seeds were soaked in distilled water for 4 hours and they were allowed to germinate in distilled water (Control) and 0.1 to 1% and 10% concentrations of sodium nitrate (NaNo3). In soaked seed set, on 2nd day radical developed in control and 0.1 to 1% concentrations of sodium nitrate. Seeds size was enlarged in 1% and 10% concentrations of sodium nitrate. On 3rd day in 0.1% sodium nitrate length of the radicle was 7.5cm with one leaf let and control sample showed 9cm with one leaflet. On 5th day in 0.1% sodium nitrate length of the radicle was 10 cm with one leaf let and control sample showed 11.5cm with one leaflet. No radicle developed in 1 and 10% NaNo3 concentrations. On 10th day all plants including control were dead. More number of mitotic cells was observed in apical root meristems of control germinating seeds and less mitotic cells were observed in 0.1% NaNo3 germinating seeds. But cells were elongated in 0.9%NaNo3 concentration and particles are deposited in the cells and no mitotic cells were observed. In other sets, dry seeds were allowed to germinate in Distilled water (control) and in 0.1 to 1% and 10% concentrations of sodium nitrate. In dry seed set, on 2nd day radicle developed from control set. In 0.1 to 1% concentrations of sodium nitration seed enlarged in size but but not allowed germination. But in 10% NaNo3 seeds coat colour was changed from dark green to brown. On 3rd day the radicle was developed in 0.1% concentration of NaNo3. No growth of radicle was observed in 0.3 to 10% concentrations of NaNo3 but plumule was observed in control plant. Seed coat color was changed from dark green to brown in color in 1% and 10% NaNo3. On 5th day in control seeds the radicle growth was 11cm and 0.1% NaNo3 concentration was 1.3 cm. On 10th day all plants including control were dead. More number of mitotic cells was observed in apical root meristems of control germinating seeds and less mitotic cells were observed in 0.1% NaNo3 germinating seeds. At higher concentrations of NaNo3 allowed seed germination in soaked seeds but produced radicle decay. In comparison to it, in dry seed set, germination of seeds observed only in 0.1% NaNo3 concentration. The inhibitory effect of NaNo3 on seed germination is due to reduction of water imbibition and mitotic activity.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
In soaked seeds, radicles developed by day two in controls and 0.1 to 1% nitrate.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiata
.jpg?width=60)
Vigna radiatat0 - Organ / stage
- radicale0
- Treatment
- 0.1 to 1% concentrations of sodium nitratee0
- Outcome
- radical developede0
- Qualifier
- 2nd daye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In soaked seed set, on 2nd day radical developed in control and 0.1 to 1% concentrations of sodium nitrate”
t0“Vigna Radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
Soaked seeds enlarged at 1% and 10% sodium nitrate.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- 1% and 10% concentrations of sodium nitratee0
- Outcome
- Seeds sizee0
- Direction
- enlargede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seeds size was enlarged in 1% and 10% concentrations of sodium nitrate”
t0“Vigna Radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
At day three, soaked seeds at 0.1% nitrate had a 7.5 cm radicle.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Organ / stage
- radiclee0
- Treatment
- 0.1% sodium nitratee0
- Outcome
- length of the radiclee0
- Value
- 7.5cme0
- Qualifier
- 3rd daye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On 3rd day in 0.1% sodium nitrate length of the radicle was 7.5cm with one leaf let and control sample showed 9cm with one leaflet”
t0“Vigna Radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
At day three, control soaked seeds had a 9 cm radicle.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Organ / stage
- radiclee0
- Treatment
- control samplee0
- Outcome
- length of the radiclee0
- Value
- 9cme0
- Qualifier
- 3rd daye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On 3rd day in 0.1% sodium nitrate length of the radicle was 7.5cm with one leaf let and control sample showed 9cm with one leaflet”
t0“Vigna Radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
At day five, soaked seeds at 0.1% nitrate had a 10 cm radicle.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Organ / stage
- radiclee0
- Treatment
- 0.1% sodium nitratee0
- Outcome
- length of the radiclee0
- Value
- 10 cme0
- Qualifier
- 5th daye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On 5th day in 0.1% sodium nitrate length of the radicle was 10 cm with one leaf let and control sample showed 11.5cm with one leaflet”
t0“Vigna Radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
At day five, control soaked seeds had an 11.5 cm radicle.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Organ / stage
- radiclee0
- Treatment
- control samplee0
- Outcome
- length of the radiclee0
- Value
- 11.5cme0
- Qualifier
- 5th daye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On 5th day in 0.1% sodium nitrate length of the radicle was 10 cm with one leaf let and control sample showed 11.5cm with one leaflet”
t0“Vigna Radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
No radicle developed in soaked seeds at 1% or 10% nitrate.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- 1 and 10% NaNo3 concentrationse0
- Outcome
- No radicle developede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No radicle developed in 1 and 10% NaNo3 concentrations”
t0“Vigna Radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
All plants, including controls, were dead by day ten.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Outcome
- all plants including control were deade0
- Qualifier
- 10th daye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No radicle developed in 1 and 10% NaNo3 concentrations. On 10th day all plants including control were dead”
t0“Vigna Radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
Control root meristems had more mitotic cells than roots at 0.1% nitrate.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Organ / stage
- apical root meristemse0
- Treatment
- 0.1% NaNo3e0
- Outcome
- mitotic cellse0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- control germinating seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“More number of mitotic cells was observed in apical root meristems of control germinating seeds and less mitotic cells were observed in 0.1% NaNo3 germinating seeds. But cells were elongated”
t0“Vigna Radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
At 0.9% nitrate, root cells elongated, accumulated particles, and had no observed mitoses.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- 0.9%NaNo3 concentratione0
- Outcome
- cells were elongated in 0.9%NaNo3 concentration and particles are deposited in the cells and no mitotic cells were observede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cells were elongated in 0.9%NaNo3 concentration and particles are deposited in the cells and no mitotic cells were observed”
t0“Vigna Radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
In dry seed controls, radicles developed by day two.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Organ / stage
- radiclee0
- Treatment
- control sete0
- Outcome
- radicle developede0
- Qualifier
- 2nd daye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In dry seed set, on 2nd day radicle developed from control set”
t0“Vigna Radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry seeds at 0.1 to 1% nitrate enlarged without germinating by day two.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- 0.1 to 1% concentrations of sodium nitratione0
- Outcome
- seed enlarged in size but but not allowed germinatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 0.1 to 1% concentrations of sodium nitration seed enlarged in size but but not allowed germination”
t0“Vigna Radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10% nitrate, dry seed coats changed from dark green to brown.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- 10% NaNo3e0
- Outcome
- seeds coat colour was changed from dark green to browne0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in 10% NaNo3 seeds coat colour was changed from dark green to brown”
t0“Vigna Radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry seeds at 0.1% nitrate developed a radicle by day three.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- 0.1% concentration of NaNo3e0
- Outcome
- radicle was developede0
- Qualifier
- 3rd daye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On 3rd day the radicle was developed in 0.1% concentration of NaNo3”
t0“Vigna Radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
No radicle growth occurred in dry seeds at 0.3 to 10% nitrate.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- 0.3 to 10% concentrations of NaNo3e0
- Outcome
- No growth of radiclee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No growth of radicle was observed in 0.3 to 10% concentrations of NaNo3”
t0“Vigna Radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry seed controls had an 11 cm radicle at day five.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- control seedse0
- Outcome
- radicle growthe0
- Value
- 11cme0
- Qualifier
- 5th daye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On 5th day in control seeds the radicle growth was 11cm and 0.1% NaNo3 concentration was 1.3 cm”
t0“Vigna Radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry seeds at 0.1% nitrate had a 1.3 cm radicle at day five.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- 0.1% NaNo3 concentratione0
- Outcome
- radicle growthe0
- Value
- 1.3 cme0
- Qualifier
- 5th daye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On 5th day in control seeds the radicle growth was 11cm and 0.1% NaNo3 concentration was 1.3 cm”
t0“Vigna Radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
At higher nitrate concentrations, soaked seeds germinated but developed radicle decay.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- higher concentrations of NaNo3e0
- Outcome
- seed germination in soaked seeds but produced radicle decaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At higher concentrations of NaNo3 allowed seed germination in soaked seeds but produced radicle decay”
t0“Vigna Radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
In the dry seed set, germination occurred only at 0.1% nitrate.
- Taxon
- Vigna radiataVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- 0.1% NaNo3 concentratione0
- Outcome
- germination of seeds observed onlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in dry seed set, germination of seeds observed only in 0.1% NaNo3 concentration”
t0“Vigna Radiata”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute nitrate inhibition of germination to reduced water imbibition and mitotic activity.
- Taxon
- Vigna RadiataVigna radiatat0
- Treatment
- NaNo3e0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Qualifier
- reduction of water imbibition and mitotic activitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inhibitory effect of NaNo3 on seed germination is due to reduction of water imbibition and mitotic activity”
t0“Vigna Radiata”
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