Abstract
The present study on the evaluation of different insecticides against the cabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae (L.), Lepidoptera: Pieridae on broccoli was carried out at Vegetable Research and Demonstration Block, VCSG, Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry, Bharsar, Pauri Garhwal. An experiment was accomplished in a randomized block design with ten treatments and three replications on broccoli cv. Palam Samriddhi. The nine insecticides, namely, neem oil, NSKE + neem oil, onion extract, garlic extract, cow urine, Spinosad 45SC, Indoxacarb 14.5SC, Emamectin benzoate 5SG, Deltamethrin 2.8EC, and water spray as control, were evaluated against cabbage butterfly Pieris brassicae L. on broccoli. Two sprays were given at an interval of 15 days. Observations on the larval population of P. Brassicae, the number of fresh leaves, the number of damaged leaves, and the yield were recorded at 1, 3, 7, 10, and 15 days after each application of insecticides. All treatments were effective over the water-sprayed control plot. Among all treatments, Spinosad 45 SC (7.00) was found highly effective and statistically significant with respect to minimizing larval population, followed by indoxacarb (11.00), Emamectin benzoate (14.33), Deltamethrin (16.00), garlic extract (17.90), onion extract (18.33), NSKE+ neem oil (19.66), Neem oil (21.00), Cow urine (22.66) and control (35.60) after fifteen days of second spray. While after second spray of fifteen days, the minimum insect infestation of 19.30% was found in spinosad treated plot followed by Deltamethrin (23.80%), Emamectin Benzoate (27.60%), Indoxacard (30.10%), neem oil (34.50%), garlic extract (37.10%), NSKE+neem oil (38.00%), onion extract (40.90%), cow urine (42.40%) and control (63.40%), respectively. The highest yield was resulted in plots treated with Spinosad (219.00q/ha), followed by Deltamethrin (213.82q/ha), Emamectin benzoate (210.24q/ha), Indoxacarb (206.16q/ha), Neem oil (198.01q/ha), NSKE (193.82q/ha), Garlic extract (189.13q/ha), Onion extract (182.96q/ha) and Cow urine (176.90q/ha), as compared to untreated control (90.86 q/ha). , respectively.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
All insecticide treatments were effective relative to water control.
- Taxon
- Broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicat0 - Treatment
- All treatmentse0
- Outcome
- effectivee0
- Direction
- effectivee0
- Comparator
- water-sprayed control plote0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All treatments were effective over the water-sprayed control plot.”
t0“on Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad 45 SC minimized larval population to 7.00 after the second spray, significantly.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Spinosad 45 SCe0
- Interactor
- Pieris brassicae
_Pieris_brassicae_-_Foret_de_Bouconne%2C_France_-_female.jpg?width=60)
Pieris brassicaet1pest - Outcome
- larval populatione0
- Direction
- minimizinge0
- Value
- 7.00e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Pieris_brassicae_-_Foret_de_Bouconne%2C_France_-_female.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Spinosad 45 SC (7.00) was found highly effective and statistically significant with respect to minimizing larval population”
t0“on Broccoli”
t1“Pieris brassicae”
Claim · model-written summary
Indoxacarb followed spinosad with a larval population of 11.00.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- indoxacarbe0
- Outcome
- indoxacarb (11.00)e0
- Value
- 11.00e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“followed by indoxacarb (11.00)”
t0“on Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad had the lowest insect infestation, 19.30%, 15 days after the second spray.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- spinosade0
- Outcome
- insect infestatione0
- Direction
- minimume0
- Value
- 19.30%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the minimum insect infestation of 19.30% was found in spinosad treated plot”
t0“on Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Deltamethrin-treated plots had 23.80% insect infestation.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Deltamethrine0
- Outcome
- insect infestatione1
- Value
- 23.80%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deltamethrin (23.80%)”
e1“insect infestation”
t0“on Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin Benzoate-treated plots had 27.60% insect infestation.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Emamectin Benzoatee0
- Outcome
- insect infestatione1
- Value
- 27.60%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Emamectin Benzoate (27.60%)”
e1“insect infestation”
t0“on Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Indoxacard-treated plots had 30.10% insect infestation.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Indoxacarde0
- Outcome
- insect infestatione1
- Value
- 30.10%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indoxacard (30.10%)”
e1“insect infestation”
t0“on Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem oil-treated plots had 34.50% insect infestation.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- neem oile0
- Outcome
- insect infestatione1
- Value
- 34.50%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“neem oil (34.50%)”
e1“insect infestation”
t0“on Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic extract-treated plots had 37.10% insect infestation.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- garlic extracte0
- Outcome
- insect infestatione1
- Value
- 37.10%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“garlic extract (37.10%)”
e1“insect infestation”
t0“on Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
NSKE plus neem oil-treated plots had 38.00% insect infestation.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- NSKE+neem oile0
- Outcome
- insect infestatione1
- Value
- 38.00%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NSKE+neem oil (38.00%)”
e1“insect infestation”
t0“on Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Onion extract-treated plots had 40.90% insect infestation.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- onion extracte0
- Outcome
- insect infestatione1
- Value
- 40.90%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“onion extract (40.90%)”
e1“insect infestation”
t0“on Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Cow urine-treated plots had 42.40% insect infestation.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- cow urinee0
- Outcome
- insect infestatione1
- Value
- 42.40%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cow urine (42.40%)”
e1“insect infestation”
t0“on Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad-treated broccoli had the highest yield, 219.00q/ha.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Spinosade0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 219.00q/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest yield was resulted in plots treated with Spinosad (219.00q/ha)”
t0“on Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Deltamethrin-treated broccoli yielded 213.82q/ha.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Deltamethrine0
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Value
- 213.82q/hae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deltamethrin (213.82q/ha)”
e1“The highest yield was resulted in plots treated with Spinosad”
t0“on Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin benzoate-treated broccoli yielded 210.24q/ha.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Emamectin benzoatee0
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Value
- 210.24q/hae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Emamectin benzoate (210.24q/ha)”
e1“The highest yield was resulted in plots treated with Spinosad”
t0“on Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Indoxacarb-treated broccoli yielded 206.16q/ha.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Indoxacarbe0
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Value
- 206.16q/hae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Indoxacarb (206.16q/ha)”
e1“The highest yield was resulted in plots treated with Spinosad”
t0“on Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem oil-treated broccoli yielded 198.01q/ha.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Neem oile0
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Value
- 198.01q/hae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neem oil (198.01q/ha)”
e1“The highest yield was resulted in plots treated with Spinosad”
t0“on Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
NSKE-treated broccoli yielded 193.82q/ha.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- NSKEe0
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Value
- 193.82q/hae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NSKE (193.82q/ha)”
e1“The highest yield was resulted in plots treated with Spinosad”
t0“on Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic extract-treated broccoli yielded 189.13q/ha.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Garlic extracte0
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Value
- 189.13q/hae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Garlic extract (189.13q/ha)”
e1“The highest yield was resulted in plots treated with Spinosad”
t0“on Broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Onion extract-treated broccoli yielded 182.96q/ha.
- Taxon
- BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Onion extracte0
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Value
- 182.96q/hae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Onion extract (182.96q/ha)”
e1“The highest yield was resulted in plots treated with Spinosad”
t0“on Broccoli”
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See all 6 papers →8 of 13 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.