Abstract
Large White Butterfly, Pieris brassicae L. (LWB) is one of the greatest pests of cruciferous cultures in Estonia, and, in the years of its biggest abundance, it can destroy a significant part of a crop. Many plants contain natural compounds that can repel and/or attract insects and protect neighbouring plants. This principle is used in a method known as companion planting. The aim of this paper was to establish to what extent it was possible to influence, by using companion plants, the oviposition intensity of adults of LWB on Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba. Cabbage plots were surrounded, as a border around garden beds, by the following plant species: Salvia horminum L. (syn. viridis L), Chrysanthemum carinatum Schousboe, Tagetes patula L., Allium cepa L. or Calendula officinalis L. Companion plants were replanted on the experimental plots in two rows. On control plots only cabbage was growing. French marigold, T. patula and painted daisy, C. carinatum were oviposition repellent to P. brassicae - compared with the control variant; butterflies laid fewer eggs on cabbage of these variants. At the same time, flowers of T. patula were attractive to adults of P. brassicae as the butterfly fed intensively on the flowers. There were no butterflies on flowers of C. carinatum, allowing us to conclude that this plant was a repellent to adults of P. brassicae. Certain repellent effects of painted sage, S. horminum, appeared towards the end of the summer, when the plants were in full flower. Butterflies laid eagerly eggs on cabbage plants surrounded by calendula, C. officinalis and onion, A. cepa. Our experiments showed how important it is to reckon with a certain pest, the control of which is intended, in choosing plants for founding a garden with diverse vegetation.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
French marigold reduced butterfly oviposition on cabbage relative to control.
- Taxon
- cabbage
Brassica oleracea var. capitatae0 - Treatment
- French marigold, T. patulae0
- Interactor
- P. brassicae
_Pieris_brassicae_-_Foret_de_Bouconne%2C_France_-_female.jpg?width=60)
Pieris brassicaee0pest - Outcome
- eggs on cabbagee0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Comparator
- control variante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Pieris_brassicae_-_Foret_de_Bouconne%2C_France_-_female.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“French marigold, T. patula and painted daisy, C. carinatum were oviposition repellent to P. brassicae - compared with the control variant; butterflies laid fewer eggs on cabbage of these variants”
Claim · model-written summary
Painted daisy reduced butterfly oviposition on cabbage relative to control.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- painted daisy, C. carinatume0
- Interactor
- P. brassicaePieris brassicaee0pest
- Outcome
- eggs on cabbagee0
- Direction
- fewere0
- Comparator
- control variante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“painted daisy, C. carinatum were oviposition repellent to P. brassicae - compared with the control variant; butterflies laid fewer eggs on cabbage of these variants”
Claim · model-written summary
Butterflies fed intensively on French marigold flowers.
- Taxon
- T. patula
.jpg?width=60)
Tagetes patulae0 - Organ / stage
- flowerse0
- Interactor
- P. brassicaePieris brassicaee0herbivore
- Outcome
- butterfly fed intensively on the flowerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“flowers of T. patula were attractive to adults of P. brassicae as the butterfly fed intensively on the flowers”
Claim · model-written summary
No butterflies were observed on painted daisy flowers.
- Taxon
- C. carinatum
Ismelia carinatae0 - Organ / stage
- flowerse0
- Outcome
- butterflies on flowerse0
- Direction
- noe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were no butterflies on flowers of C. carinatum”
Claim · model-written summary
Painted sage had some repellent effect late in summer at full flowering.
- Taxon
- S. horminum
Salvia horminume0 - Outcome
- repellent effectse0
- Qualifier
- towards the end of the summer, when the plants were in full flowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Certain repellent effects of painted sage, S. horminum, appeared towards the end of the summer, when the plants were in full flower”
Claim · model-written summary
Butterflies readily laid eggs on cabbage surrounded by calendula.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- calendula, C. officinalise0
- Outcome
- eggs on cabbage plantse0
- Direction
- eagerlye0
- Comparator
- control plotse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Butterflies laid eagerly eggs on cabbage plants surrounded by calendula, C. officinalis and onion, A. cepa”
e1“On control plots only cabbage was growing”
Claim · model-written summary
Butterflies readily laid eggs on cabbage surrounded by onion.
- Taxon
- cabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitatae0
- Treatment
- onion, A. cepae0
- Outcome
- eggs on cabbage plantse0
- Direction
- eagerlye0
- Comparator
- control plotse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Butterflies laid eagerly eggs on cabbage plants surrounded by calendula, C. officinalis and onion, A. cepa”
e1“On control plots only cabbage was growing”
The same questions in other papers
Allium cepa · pest · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.