Abstract
Abstract Herbivore‐associated molecular patterns (HAMPs) in saliva enable plants to detect herbivores and activate pattern‐triggered immunity (PTI). Piercing‐sucking herbivores secrete gel saliva, forming salivary sheaths that assist in feeding, however, the role of proteins within these sheaths in modulation of plant defenses remains poorly understood. Here, a thermostable HAMP, myosin light chain 1‐like (myosin) is identified, from the salivary sheath of the small brown planthopper (SBPH) Laodelphax striatellus. Myosin is a widely conserved arthropod protein, and acts as an elicitor of BAK1‐dependent PTI responses in several plant species. Plants are able to specifically recognize the myosin 41‐amino‐acid peptide (MP41), which acts as a minimal immunogenic epitope. Furthermore, myosin and MP41 stimulate jasmonic acid and H 2 O 2 production in rice. The resulting defenses not only diminish planthopper performance directly but also induce volatile emissions, attracting a common parasitoid. Additionally, expression of myosin in rice increased plant resistance to a chewing insect as well as to viral and fungal pathogens. However, silencing myosin in SBPH resulted in disruption of salivary sheath formation, reducing insect feeding efficiency. This study demonstrates that myosin from the SBPH salivary sheath serves as a critical and unavoidable HAMP, triggering broad‐spectrum plant resistance to various insects and pathogens.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Myosin elicited BAK1-dependent PTI in several plant species.
Verbatim
e0“Myosin is a widely conserved arthropod protein, and acts as an elicitor of BAK1‐dependent PTI responses in several plant species.”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants specifically recognized MP41 as a minimal immunogenic epitope.
- Taxon
- PlantsViridiplantaee0
- Gene
- myosin 41‐amino‐acid peptide (MP41)e0
- Outcome
- specifically recognizee0
Verbatim
e0“Plants are able to specifically recognize the myosin 41‐amino‐acid peptide (MP41), which acts as a minimal immunogenic epitope.”
Claim · model-written summary
Myosin stimulated jasmonic acid and hydrogen peroxide production in rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- myosine0
- Outcome
- jasmonic acid and H 2 O 2 productione0
- Direction
- stimulatee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“myosin and MP41 stimulate jasmonic acid and H 2 O 2 production in rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
MP41 stimulated jasmonic acid and hydrogen peroxide production in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- MP41e0
- Outcome
- jasmonic acid and H 2 O 2 productione0
- Direction
- stimulatee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“myosin and MP41 stimulate jasmonic acid and H 2 O 2 production in rice.”
Claim · model-written summary
The resulting plant defenses reduced planthopper performance.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- planthoppere1pest
- Outcome
- planthopper performancee1
- Direction
- diminishe1
- Qualifier
- resulting defensese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“production in rice”
e1“The resulting defenses not only diminish planthopper performance directly but also induce volatile emissions, attracting a common parasitoid.”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant defenses induced volatile emissions that attracted a parasitoid.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- parasitoide1other
- Outcome
- volatile emissionse1
- Direction
- inducee1
- Qualifier
- resulting defensese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“production in rice”
e1“The resulting defenses not only diminish planthopper performance directly but also induce volatile emissions, attracting a common parasitoid.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice myosin expression increased resistance to a chewing insect.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- expression of myosine0
- Interactor
- chewing insecte0pest
- Outcome
- plant resistance to a chewing insecte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression of myosin in rice increased plant resistance to a chewing insect as well as to viral and fungal pathogens.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice myosin expression increased resistance to viral pathogens.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- expression of myosine0
- Interactor
- pathogense0pathogen
- Outcome
- plant resistancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- virale0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression of myosin in rice increased plant resistance to a chewing insect as well as to viral and fungal pathogens.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice myosin expression increased resistance to fungal pathogens.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- expression of myosine0
- Interactor
- fungal pathogense0pathogen
- Outcome
- plant resistancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression of myosin in rice increased plant resistance to a chewing insect as well as to viral and fungal pathogens.”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing planthopper myosin disrupted salivary sheath formation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- silencing myosin in SBPHe1
- Interactor
- SBPHe1pest
- Outcome
- salivary sheath formatione1
- Direction
- disruptione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“production in rice”
e1“silencing myosin in SBPH resulted in disruption of salivary sheath formation, reducing insect feeding efficiency.”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing planthopper myosin reduced insect feeding efficiency.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- silencing myosin in SBPHe1
- Interactor
- SBPHe1pest
- Outcome
- insect feeding efficiencye1
- Direction
- reducinge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“production in rice”
e1“silencing myosin in SBPH resulted in disruption of salivary sheath formation, reducing insect feeding efficiency.”
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