Abstract
During herbivore feeding, plants can recognize herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs) present in saliva and trigger pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). Piercing-sucking insects secrete gel saliva, forming salivary sheaths that aid in feeding. However, the role of proteins within these salivary sheaths in modulating plant defences remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified a novel HAMP, Nlsp5, from the salivary sheath of the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens, BPH). Nlsp5 is a planthopper-specific protein and acts as an elicitor of BAK1-dependent PTI responses in both tobacco and rice plants. Moreover, the 19-amino-acid peptide (NP19) within Nlsp5 functions as a minimal immunogenic epitope, which is specifically recognized by plants, stimulating jasmonic acid and hydrogen peroxide pathways. Through exogenous treatment with synthetic NP19 and overexpressing Nlsp5 in rice, we further found that the induced defence responses not only impaired planthopper performance directly but also triggered the emission of volatile compounds that attract a common parasitoid. Additionally, NP19 treatment enhanced the resistance of rice, tobacco, and cotton to several chewing and sap-sucking insects. However, silencing Nlsp5 in BPH disrupted salivary sheath formation, reducing insect feeding efficiency. This study demonstrates that Nlsp5 from the BPH salivary sheath acts as an unavoidable HAMP, triggering resistance in multiple plants to various insect pests. The critical role of this protein in insect feeding precludes evolutionary adaptations to evade detection by plants.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Nlsp5 elicits BAK1-dependent PTI responses in tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume1 - Interactor
- planthoppere1pest
- Gene
- Nlsp5e1
- Outcome
- BAK1-dependent PTI responsese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Nlsp5 is a planthopper-specific protein and acts as an elicitor of BAK1-dependent PTI responses in both tobacco and rice plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Nlsp5 elicits BAK1-dependent PTI responses in rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Interactor
- planthoppere1pest
- Gene
- Nlsp5e1
- Outcome
- BAK1-dependent PTI responsese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Nlsp5 is a planthopper-specific protein and acts as an elicitor of BAK1-dependent PTI responses in both tobacco and rice plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The NP19 peptide within Nlsp5 is a minimal immunogenic epitope recognized by plants.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee2
- Gene
- NP19e2
- Outcome
- minimal immunogenic epitopee2
Verbatim
e2“the 19-amino-acid peptide (NP19) within Nlsp5 functions as a minimal immunogenic epitope, which is specifically recognized by plants, stimulating jasmonic acid and hydrogen peroxide pathways”
Claim · model-written summary
NP19 stimulates jasmonic acid and hydrogen peroxide pathways in plants.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee2
- Gene
- NP19e2
- Outcome
- jasmonic acid and hydrogen peroxide pathwayse2
- Direction
- stimulatinge2
Verbatim
e2“the 19-amino-acid peptide (NP19) within Nlsp5 functions as a minimal immunogenic epitope, which is specifically recognized by plants, stimulating jasmonic acid and hydrogen peroxide pathways”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous synthetic NP19 and Nlsp5 overexpression in rice impaired planthopper performance.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae3
- Treatment
- exogenous treatment with synthetic NP19 and overexpressing Nlsp5e3
- Interactor
- planthoppere3pest
- Outcome
- planthopper performancee3
- Direction
- impairede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Through exogenous treatment with synthetic NP19 and overexpressing Nlsp5 in rice, we further found that the induced defence responses not only impaired planthopper performance directly but also triggered the emission of volatile compounds that attract a common parasitoid”
Claim · model-written summary
Induced defence in rice triggered emission of volatile compounds that attract a common parasitoid.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae3
- Interactor
- common parasitoide3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- emission of volatile compoundse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Through exogenous treatment with synthetic NP19 and overexpressing Nlsp5 in rice, we further found that the induced defence responses not only impaired planthopper performance directly but also triggered the emission of volatile compounds that attract a common parasitoid”
Claim · model-written summary
NP19 treatment enhanced the resistance of rice to several chewing and sap-sucking insects.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae4
- Treatment
- NP19 treatmente4
- Interactor
- chewing and sap-sucking insectse4pest
- Outcome
- resistancee4
- Direction
- enhancede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“NP19 treatment enhanced the resistance of rice, tobacco, and cotton to several chewing and sap-sucking insects”
Claim · model-written summary
NP19 treatment enhanced the resistance of tobacco to several chewing and sap-sucking insects.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume4
- Treatment
- NP19 treatmente4
- Interactor
- chewing and sap-sucking insectse4pest
- Outcome
- resistancee4
- Direction
- enhancede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“NP19 treatment enhanced the resistance of rice, tobacco, and cotton to several chewing and sap-sucking insects”
Claim · model-written summary
NP19 treatment enhanced the resistance of cotton to several chewing and sap-sucking insects.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume4 - Treatment
- NP19 treatmente4
- Interactor
- chewing and sap-sucking insectse4pest
- Outcome
- resistancee4
- Direction
- enhancede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“NP19 treatment enhanced the resistance of rice, tobacco, and cotton to several chewing and sap-sucking insects”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing Nlsp5 in BPH disrupted salivary sheath formation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- silencing Nlsp5 in BPHe5
- Interactor
- BPHe5pest
- Gene
- Nlsp5e5
- Outcome
- salivary sheath formatione5
- Direction
- disruptede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Nlsp5 is a planthopper-specific protein and acts as an elicitor of BAK1-dependent PTI responses in both tobacco and rice plants”
e5“silencing Nlsp5 in BPH disrupted salivary sheath formation, reducing insect feeding efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing Nlsp5 in BPH reduced insect feeding efficiency.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- silencing Nlsp5 in BPHe5
- Interactor
- BPHe5pest
- Gene
- Nlsp5e5
- Outcome
- insect feeding efficiencye5
- Direction
- reducinge5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Nlsp5 is a planthopper-specific protein and acts as an elicitor of BAK1-dependent PTI responses in both tobacco and rice plants”
e5“silencing Nlsp5 in BPH disrupted salivary sheath formation, reducing insect feeding efficiency”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · pest · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
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See all 22 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.