Abstract
A field investigation was conducted during the rainy season of 2014 and 2015 at Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, to study the effect of live mulches, cover crops and herbicides on weed flora, growth and yield in direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.). At 60 days after sowing (DAS), amongst the weed management treatments, Sesbania cover crop followed by (fb) bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS reduced weed density of various weeds and dry weight than sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) cover crop fb bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS thus resulting in the lowest weed index except hand weeding at 15 and 35 DAS. Sesbania cover crop fb bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS markedly improved plant height, tillers/m2 , dry-matter accumulation, leaf-area index, chlorophyll content and yield attributes, viz. panicle length, panicle weight, panicles/m2, grains/panicle and 1,000-grain weight. Sesbania cover crop fb bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS improved the grain and straw yields with higher gross returns, net returns and benefit: cost ratio than sunnhemp cover crop fb bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS. Sesbania cover crop fb bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS exhibited lower nutrients (NPK and Zn) uptake by weeds and higher nutrients (NPK and Zn) uptake by crop than hand-weedings at 15 and 35 DAS.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Sesbania cover crop plus herbicides reduced weed density relative to the sunnhemp treatment.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Sesbania cover crop followed by (fb) bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DASe0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weed density of various weedse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) cover crop fb bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DASe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sesbania cover crop followed by (fb) bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS reduced weed density of various weeds and dry weight than sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) cover crop fb bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Sesbania cover crop plus herbicides reduced weed dry weight relative to sunnhemp treatment.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Sesbania cover crop followed by (fb) bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DASe0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- dry weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) cover crop fb bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DASe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sesbania cover crop followed by (fb) bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS reduced weed density of various weeds and dry weight than sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) cover crop fb bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The Sesbania treatment produced the lowest weed index aside from hand weeding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Sesbania cover crope1
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed indexe0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Comparator
- hand weeding at 15 and 35 DASe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thus resulting in the lowest weed index except hand weeding at 15 and 35 DAS”
t0“rice”
e1“Sesbania cover crop followed by (fb) bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS reduced weed density of various weeds and dry weight than sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) cover crop fb bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS”
Claim · model-written summary
The Sesbania treatment improved rice plant height, tillers and dry matter accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Sesbania cover crop fb bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DASe0
- Outcome
- plant height, tillers/m2 , dry-matter accumulatione0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sesbania cover crop fb bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS markedly improved plant height, tillers/m2 , dry-matter accumulation”
t0“rice”
e1“Sesbania cover crop fb bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS markedly improved plant height, tillers/m2 , dry-matter accumulation, leaf-area index, chlorophyll content and yield attributes, viz. panicle length, panicle weight, panicles/m2, grains/panicle and 1,000-grain weight”
Claim · model-written summary
The Sesbania treatment improved leaf-area index and chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Sesbania cover crope1
- Outcome
- leaf-area index, chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“markedly improved plant height, tillers/m2 , dry-matter accumulation, leaf-area index, chlorophyll content”
t0“rice”
e1“Sesbania cover crop fb bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS markedly improved plant height, tillers/m2 , dry-matter accumulation, leaf-area index, chlorophyll content and yield attributes, viz. panicle length, panicle weight, panicles/m2, grains/panicle and 1,000-grain weight”
Claim · model-written summary
The Sesbania treatment improved panicle length, panicle weight and panicle density.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Sesbania cover crope1
- Outcome
- panicle length, panicle weight, panicles/m2e0
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield attributes, viz. panicle length, panicle weight, panicles/m2, grains/panicle and 1,000-grain weight”
t0“rice”
e1“Sesbania cover crop fb bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS markedly improved plant height, tillers/m2 , dry-matter accumulation, leaf-area index, chlorophyll content and yield attributes, viz. panicle length, panicle weight, panicles/m2, grains/panicle and 1,000-grain weight”
Claim · model-written summary
The Sesbania treatment improved grains per panicle and thousand-grain weight.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Sesbania cover crope1
- Outcome
- grains/panicle and 1,000-grain weighte0
- Direction
- improvede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield attributes, viz. panicle length, panicle weight, panicles/m2, grains/panicle and 1,000-grain weight”
t0“rice”
e1“Sesbania cover crop fb bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS markedly improved plant height, tillers/m2 , dry-matter accumulation, leaf-area index, chlorophyll content and yield attributes, viz. panicle length, panicle weight, panicles/m2, grains/panicle and 1,000-grain weight”
Claim · model-written summary
The Sesbania treatment increased grain and straw yields relative to sunnhemp treatment.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Sesbania cover crop fb bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DASe0
- Outcome
- grain and straw yieldse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- sunnhemp cover crop fb bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DASe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sesbania cover crop fb bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS improved the grain and straw yields with higher gross returns, net returns and benefit: cost ratio than sunnhemp cover crop fb bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The Sesbania treatment increased gross and net returns and benefit-cost ratio relative to sunnhemp.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Sesbania cover crope1
- Outcome
- gross returns, net returns and benefit: cost ratioe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- sunnhemp cover crop fb bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DASe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher gross returns, net returns and benefit: cost ratio than sunnhemp cover crop fb bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS”
t0“rice”
e1“Sesbania cover crop fb bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS improved the grain and straw yields with higher gross returns, net returns and benefit: cost ratio than sunnhemp cover crop fb bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS”
Claim · model-written summary
The Sesbania treatment lowered NPK and zinc uptake by weeds relative to hand weeding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Sesbania cover crop fb bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DASe0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- nutrients (NPK and Zn) uptake by weedse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- hand-weedings at 15 and 35 DASe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sesbania cover crop fb bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS exhibited lower nutrients (NPK and Zn) uptake by weeds and higher nutrients (NPK and Zn) uptake by crop than hand-weedings at 15 and 35 DAS”
t0“direct-seeded rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The Sesbania treatment raised NPK and zinc uptake by rice relative to hand weeding.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Sesbania cover crop fb bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DASe0
- Outcome
- nutrients (NPK and Zn) uptake by crope0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- hand-weedings at 15 and 35 DASe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sesbania cover crop fb bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS exhibited lower nutrients (NPK and Zn) uptake by weeds and higher nutrients (NPK and Zn) uptake by crop than hand-weedings at 15 and 35 DAS”
t0“rice”
The same questions in other papers
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1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
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See all 34 papers →azimsulfuron · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
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See all 40 papers →Sesbania · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
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See all 55 papers →azimsulfuron · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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azimsulfuron · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
bispyribac · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
bispyribac · nutrient: content · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
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8 of 18 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.