Impact of live mulches, cover crops and herbicides on weeds and yield of direct-seeded rice

Abstract

A field investigation was conducted during the rainy seasons of 2014 and 2015 at Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, to study the impact of live mulches, cover crops and herbicides on weeds and yield in direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.). Sesbania cover crop followed by fb) bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS had lesser weed density and dry weight of grasses, sedges and broadleaved weeds than sunhemp cover crop fb bispyribac-Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS. Sesbania cover crop fb bispyribac-Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS had higher harvest index in comparison to sunhemp cover crop fb bispyribac-Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS. Sesbania cover crop fb bispyribac-Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS improved grain and straw yields with higher gross and net returns, and benefit:cost ratio as compared to sunhemp cover crop fb bispyribac-Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 10

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sesbania cover crop followed by herbicides reduced weed density relative to sunhemp cover crop followed by herbicides.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: Sesbania cover crop followed by fb) bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DASe0
Interactor: weedse0weed
Outcome: weed densitye0
Direction: lessere0
Comparator: sunhemp cover crop fb bispyribac-Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DASe0

Not reportedQualifier

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

*Oryza sativa* · Taxon · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryDesmanthus4food · CC BY-SA 3.0 us · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0
“Sesbania cover crop followed by fb) bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS had lesser weed density and dry weight of grasses, sedges and broadleaved weeds than sunhemp cover crop fb bispyribac-Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 230–483 · show in text ↑

t0
“rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 87–91 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sesbania cover crop followed by herbicides reduced dry weight of grasses relative to sunhemp cover crop followed by herbicides.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: Sesbania cover crop followed by fb) bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DASe0
Interactor: weedse0weed
Outcome: dry weight of grassese0
Direction: lessere0
Comparator: sunhemp cover crop fb bispyribac-Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DASe0

Not reportedQualifier

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Sesbania cover crop followed by fb) bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS had lesser weed density and dry weight of grasses, sedges and broadleaved weeds than sunhemp cover crop fb bispyribac-Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 230–483 · show in text ↑

t0
“rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 87–91 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sesbania cover crop followed by herbicides reduced dry weight relative to sunhemp cover crop followed by herbicides.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: Sesbania cover crop followed by fb) bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DASe0
Interactor: weedse0weed
Outcome: dry weighte0
Direction: lessere0
Qualifier: sedgese0
Comparator: sunhemp cover crop fb bispyribac-Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DASe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Sesbania cover crop followed by fb) bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS had lesser weed density and dry weight of grasses, sedges and broadleaved weeds than sunhemp cover crop fb bispyribac-Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 230–483 · show in text ↑

t0
“rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 87–91 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sesbania cover crop followed by herbicides reduced dry weight relative to sunhemp cover crop followed by herbicides.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: Sesbania cover crop followed by fb) bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DASe0
Interactor: weedse0weed
Outcome: dry weighte0
Direction: lessere0
Qualifier: broadleaved weedse0
Comparator: sunhemp cover crop fb bispyribac-Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DASe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Sesbania cover crop followed by fb) bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS had lesser weed density and dry weight of grasses, sedges and broadleaved weeds than sunhemp cover crop fb bispyribac-Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 230–483 · show in text ↑

t0
“rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 87–91 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sesbania cover crop with herbicides raised rice harvest index versus sunhemp cover crop with herbicides.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: Sesbania cover crop fb bispyribac-Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DASe0
Outcome: harvest indexe0
Direction: highere0
Comparator: sunhemp cover crop fb bispyribac-Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DASe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Sesbania cover crop fb bispyribac-Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS had higher harvest index in comparison to sunhemp cover crop fb bispyribac-Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 484–681 · show in text ↑

t0
“rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 87–91 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sesbania cover crop with herbicides improved rice grain outcome versus sunhemp cover crop with herbicides.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: Sesbania cover crop fb bispyribac-Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DASe0
Outcome: graine0
Direction: improvede0
Comparator: sunhemp cover crop fb bispyribac-Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DASe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Sesbania cover crop fb bispyribac-Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS improved grain and straw yields with higher gross and net returns, and benefit:cost ratio as compared to sunhemp cover crop fb bispyribac-Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 682–942 · show in text ↑

t0
“rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 87–91 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sesbania cover crop with herbicides improved rice straw outcome versus sunhemp cover crop with herbicides.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: Sesbania cover crop fb bispyribac-Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DASe0
Outcome: strawe0
Direction: improvede0
Comparator: sunhemp cover crop fb bispyribac-Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DASe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Sesbania cover crop fb bispyribac-Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS improved grain and straw yields with higher gross and net returns, and benefit:cost ratio as compared to sunhemp cover crop fb bispyribac-Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 682–942 · show in text ↑

t0
“rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 87–91 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sesbania cover crop with herbicides improved rice gross outcome versus sunhemp cover crop with herbicides.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: Sesbania cover crop fb bispyribac-Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DASe0
Outcome: grosse0
Direction: highere0
Comparator: sunhemp cover crop fb bispyribac-Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DASe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Sesbania cover crop fb bispyribac-Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS improved grain and straw yields with higher gross and net returns, and benefit:cost ratio as compared to sunhemp cover crop fb bispyribac-Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 682–942 · show in text ↑

t0
“rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 87–91 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sesbania cover crop with herbicides improved rice net outcome versus sunhemp cover crop with herbicides.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: Sesbania cover crop fb bispyribac-Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DASe0
Outcome: nete0
Direction: highere0
Comparator: sunhemp cover crop fb bispyribac-Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DASe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Sesbania cover crop fb bispyribac-Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS improved grain and straw yields with higher gross and net returns, and benefit:cost ratio as compared to sunhemp cover crop fb bispyribac-Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 682–942 · show in text ↑

t0
“rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 87–91 · show in text ↑

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sesbania cover crop with herbicides improved rice benefit:cost ratio outcome versus sunhemp cover crop with herbicides.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: Sesbania cover crop fb bispyribac-Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DASe0
Outcome: benefit:cost ratioe0
Direction: highere0
Comparator: sunhemp cover crop fb bispyribac-Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DASe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim

e0
“Sesbania cover crop fb bispyribac-Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS improved grain and straw yields with higher gross and net returns, and benefit:cost ratio as compared to sunhemp cover crop fb bispyribac-Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 682–942 · show in text ↑

t0
“rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 87–91 · show in text ↑

azimsulfuron · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

40 papers: 35 positive, 5 negative or no effect

34 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative

positive
Sesbania cover crop followed by herbicides improved plant height, dry matter accumulation, and leaf area index.
Impact of Mulch, Cover Crop and Herbicides on Growth, Yield and Nutrient Uptake in Direct Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa L.) · 2022
Same directionCites this paper
no effect
Adding metsulfuron to azimsulfuron had no significant effect on rice grain yield.
Evaluation of Azimsulfuron and Metsulfuron-methyl Alone and in Combination for Weed Control in Transplanted Rice · 2008
Opposite direction
no effect
At Taraori, rice yields were similar under pendimethalin or oxadiargyl PRE followed by the stated POST herbicides.
Herbicide options for effective weed management in dry direct- seeded rice under scented rice-wheat rotation of western Indo- · 2016
Opposite direction

36 papers more in this group

See all 40 papers →

Sesbania · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

55 papers: 52 positive, 3 negative or no effect

51 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative

positive
Sesbania cover crop followed by herbicides improved plant height, dry matter accumulation, and leaf area index.
Impact of Mulch, Cover Crop and Herbicides on Growth, Yield and Nutrient Uptake in Direct Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa L.) · 2022
Same directionCites this paper
no effect
Sesbania biomass and mungbean residue with inorganic fertilizers at MYG gave grain yields of T. aman rice identical to fertilizers alone at HYG, in both locations.
Economics of fertilizer use in the Maize-Mungbean/Dhaincha-T.aman rice cropping pattern · 1970 · compared with fertilizers alone applied for HYG
No difference from an alternative
no effect
Rice yield with Sesbania green manure plus 40 kg N/ha was statistically similar to rice with 120 kg N/ha and no organic N.
Effect of organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen on productivity and soil fertility under rice (Oryza sativa)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) crop sequence · 2002 · compared with no organic N with 120 kg N/ha
No difference from an alternative

51 papers more in this group

See all 55 papers →

azimsulfuron · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree

4 papers: 4 positive, 0 negative or no effect

3 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
The same sequence significantly reduced weed biomass.
Planting methods and weed management to improve yield in dry-seeded rice · 2018
Same direction
positive
Sesbania cover crop plus herbicides reduced weed dry weight relative to sunnhemp treatment.
Effect of live mulches, cover crops and herbicides on weed flora, growth and yield of direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa) · 2024 · compared with sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) cover crop fb bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS
Same direction
positive
The combined herbicide treatment (Pendimethalin fb Bispyribac-Na + Azimsulfuron) effectively reduced density and dry weight of grasses, sedges and broad-leaved weeds compared with the weedy check
Efficacy of weed management through herbicide efficiency and crop resistance indexin direct seeded rice · 2018 · compared with weedy check
Same direction

See all 4 papers →

bispyribac · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree

4 papers: 4 positive, 0 negative or no effect

3 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
The same sequence significantly reduced weed biomass.
Planting methods and weed management to improve yield in dry-seeded rice · 2018
Same direction
positive
Sesbania cover crop plus herbicides reduced weed dry weight relative to sunnhemp treatment.
Effect of live mulches, cover crops and herbicides on weed flora, growth and yield of direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa) · 2024 · compared with sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) cover crop fb bispyribac Na 25 g/ha + azimsulfuron 30 g/ha at 15 DAS
Same direction
positive
The combination pendimethalin with pyrazosulfuron and bispyribac gives the highest crop-growth parameters among herbicidal combinations.
Effect of first irrigation scheduling and herbicides on productivity of direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa) · 2022 · compared with herbicidal combinations
Same direction

See all 4 papers →

Sesbania · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree

13 papers: 13 positive, 0 negative or no effect

12 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
Sesbania brown manuring decreased weed dry biomass by 62–75% in direct-seeded rice.
Influence of Sesbania Brown Manuring and Rice Residue Mulch on Soil Health, Weeds and System Productivity of Conservation Rice–Wheat Systems · 2016 · compared with sole direct‐seeded rice crop
Same direction
positive
The same coculture and herbicide treatment reduced weed biomass by 86.7% at 30 DAS.
An integrated approach to weed management practices in direct-seeded rice under zero-tilled rice–wheat cropping system · 2016
Same direction
positive
Rice paddy dry weight after Sesbania was 214% greater than after rice.
Effect of Sesbania rostrata on Hirschmanniella oryzae in Flooded Rice. · 1983 · compared with following rice
Same direction

9 papers more in this group

See all 13 papers →

Sesbania · weed · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree

18 papers: 18 positive, 0 negative or no effect

17 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
The treatment lowered nutrient depletion by weeds relative to hand weeding.
Impact of Mulch, Cover Crop and Herbicides on Growth, Yield and Nutrient Uptake in Direct Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa L.) · 2022 · compared with hand weeding at 15 and 35 DAS
Same directionCites this paper
positive
Sesbania brown manuring decreased weed density by 41–56% in direct-seeded rice.
Influence of Sesbania Brown Manuring and Rice Residue Mulch on Soil Health, Weeds and System Productivity of Conservation Rice–Wheat Systems · 2016 · compared with sole direct‐seeded rice crop
Same direction
positive
Brown manuring of Sesbania reduces weed population by 50%.
Weed management in direct-seeded rice · 2016
Same direction

14 papers more in this group

See all 18 papers →

bispyribac · weed · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree

32 papers: 32 positive, 0 negative or no effect

31 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
The treatment lowered nutrient depletion by weeds relative to hand weeding.
Impact of Mulch, Cover Crop and Herbicides on Growth, Yield and Nutrient Uptake in Direct Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa L.) · 2022 · compared with hand weeding at 15 and 35 DAS
Same directionCites this paper
positive
Bispyribac at 15 or 25 days after transplanting controlled grassy weeds equally.
Evaluation of Bispyribac-sodium for Weed Control in Transplanted Rice · 2009
Same direction
positive
A pendimethalin programme followed by post-emergence herbicides gave effective weed control and higher rice yield.
Control of Complex Weed Flora of Dry-seeded Rice (Oryza sativa L.) with Pre- and Post-emergence Herbicides · 2008
Same direction

28 papers more in this group

See all 32 papers →

azimsulfuron · weed · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree

33 papers: 33 positive, 0 negative or no effect

32 papers in the same direction as this paper

positive
The treatment lowered nutrient depletion by weeds relative to hand weeding.
Impact of Mulch, Cover Crop and Herbicides on Growth, Yield and Nutrient Uptake in Direct Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa L.) · 2022 · compared with hand weeding at 15 and 35 DAS
Same directionCites this paper
positive
Single azimsulfuron POST application reduced total weed biomass by 72% compared with the nontreated control.
Herbicide Options for Weed Control in Dry-Seeded Aromatic Rice in India · 2013 · compared with nontreated control
Same direction
positive
Post-emergence azimsulfuron was the most effective herbicide for controlling weeds compared with early post-emergence bispyribac-sodium and bensulfuron-methyl+pretilachlor.
Crop Establishment and Weed Control Options for Sustaining Dry Direct Seeded Rice Production in Eastern India · 2021 · compared with early post application of bispyribac-sodium and bensulfuron-methyl+pretilachlor
Same direction

29 papers more in this group

See all 33 papers →

8 of 11 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.

Abstract

Claims 10

The same questions in other papers

azimsulfuron · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

Sesbania · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results

azimsulfuron · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree

bispyribac · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree

Sesbania · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree

Sesbania · weed · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree

bispyribac · weed · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree

azimsulfuron · weed · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree