Abstract
This study tsted egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis and the predator chrysoperla carnea in present of seven selective insecticides. The study was carried out at the field experiments of ministry of Science and Technology /Agric and Biol. Res. Center 2003 – 2005 and aimed to check the efficacy of the biological control agents as well as the selective insecticides for controlling or reducing the population density of the major pest on cotton Helicoverpa armigera. The results showed that the population counts of H. armigera and C.carnea in 25 plant and parasitization percent by T. chilonis prior to the first spray were ranged from, 0.66 to 3.67, 3.33 to 7.66 and 24.30 to 40.00 for H. armigera, C. carnea and parasitization rate by T. chilonis in present of all the selective insecticides, respectively. The results also indicated that the number of the pest and Biological control agents after the first spray with the selective insecticides were ranged from 0.66 to 2.66, 1.00 to 4.66 and 10.00 and 23.00 for H.armigera, C.carnea and parasitization rate by T.chilonis, respectively, while the data of the current study also showed that the number of Boilogical control agents and the pest H.armigera, after second spray were fluctuated between 0.00 to 3.66, 1.00 to 6.00 and from 8.00 to 51.33 for H.armigera, C.carnea and parasitization rate by T. chilonis, respectively. Finally, data regarding the population of the test insects and yield per acre from each treatment after third spray with the same insecticides showed that the population of C. carnea were increased in all treatments after third spray except Endusilfau treated plots, on the other hand parasitization rate by T. chilonis increased in all treatment except Profenofos that reduced from 12.00 percent to 8.00 percent after third spray. Yield of seed cotton was found maximum 3200 Kg/ hectare in these plots where Thiodicarb and Spinosad were applied and next highest yield was obtained in Indoxacarb and Cypermethrin treated plots, showing a yield of 2800 Kg and 2400 Kg/ hectare, respectively. Finally the results showed that there was no difference in the yield of seed cotton between Endosulfan and Profenofos, treated compared to control plot
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Before the first spray, population counts of H. armigera on cotton ranged from 0.66 to 3.67 across the selective insecticide plots.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Interactor
- H. armigera
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=60)
Helicoverpa armigerae1pest - Outcome
- population countse1
- Value
- 0.66 to 3.67e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e1“population counts of H. armigera and C.carnea in 25 plant and parasitization percent by T. chilonis prior to the first spray were ranged from, 0.66 to 3.67”
Claim · model-written summary
Before the first spray, population counts of the predator C. carnea ranged from 3.33 to 7.66 across the selective insecticide plots.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- C.carneae1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- population countse1
- Value
- 3.33 to 7.66e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e1“population counts of H. armigera and C.carnea in 25 plant and parasitization percent by T. chilonis prior to the first spray were ranged from, 0.66 to 3.67, 3.33 to 7.66”
Claim · model-written summary
Before the first spray, parasitization by T. chilonis ranged from 24.30 to 40.00 across the selective insecticide plots.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- T. chilonis
_Figure_2b.png?width=60)
Trichogramma chilonise1biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- parasitization percente1
- Value
- 24.30 to 40.00e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Figure_2b.png?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e1“population counts of H. armigera and C.carnea in 25 plant and parasitization percent by T. chilonis prior to the first spray were ranged from, 0.66 to 3.67, 3.33 to 7.66 and 24.30 to 40.00”
Claim · model-written summary
After the first spray, H. armigera numbers ranged from 0.66 to 2.66.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- H.armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae1pest
- Outcome
- number of the peste1
- Value
- 0.66 to 2.66e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e1“number of the pest and Biological control agents after the first spray with the selective insecticides were ranged from 0.66 to 2.66, 1.00 to 4.66 and 10.00 and 23.00 for H.armigera, C.carnea and parasitization rate by T.chilonis”
Claim · model-written summary
After the first spray, C. carnea numbers ranged from 1.00 to 4.66.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- C.carneae1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Biological control agentse1
- Value
- 1.00 to 4.66e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e1“number of the pest and Biological control agents after the first spray with the selective insecticides were ranged from 0.66 to 2.66, 1.00 to 4.66 and 10.00 and 23.00 for H.armigera, C.carnea and parasitization rate by T.chilonis”
Claim · model-written summary
After the first spray, parasitization by T. chilonis ranged between 10.00 and 23.00.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- T.chilonisTrichogramma chilonise1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- parasitization ratee1
- Value
- 10.00 and 23.00e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e1“number of the pest and Biological control agents after the first spray with the selective insecticides were ranged from 0.66 to 2.66, 1.00 to 4.66 and 10.00 and 23.00 for H.armigera, C.carnea and parasitization rate by T.chilonis”
Claim · model-written summary
After the second spray, H. armigera numbers fluctuated between 0.00 and 3.66.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- H.armigeraHelicoverpa armigerae1pest
- Outcome
- the pest H.armigerae1
- Value
- 0.00 to 3.66e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e1“number of Boilogical control agents and the pest H.armigera, after second spray were fluctuated between 0.00 to 3.66, 1.00 to 6.00 and from 8.00 to 51.33 for H.armigera, C.carnea and parasitization rate by T. chilonis”
Claim · model-written summary
After the second spray, C. carnea numbers fluctuated between 1.00 and 6.00.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- C.carneae1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Boilogical control agentse1
- Value
- 1.00 to 6.00e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e1“number of Boilogical control agents and the pest H.armigera, after second spray were fluctuated between 0.00 to 3.66, 1.00 to 6.00 and from 8.00 to 51.33 for H.armigera, C.carnea and parasitization rate by T. chilonis”
Claim · model-written summary
After the second spray, parasitization by T. chilonis fluctuated between 8.00 and 51.33.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- T. chilonisTrichogramma chilonise1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- parasitization ratee1
- Value
- 8.00 to 51.33e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e1“number of Boilogical control agents and the pest H.armigera, after second spray were fluctuated between 0.00 to 3.66, 1.00 to 6.00 and from 8.00 to 51.33 for H.armigera, C.carnea and parasitization rate by T. chilonis”
Claim · model-written summary
After the third spray, the C. carnea population increased in all insecticide treatments except the Endosulfan-treated plots (written Endusilfau).
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- third spraye1
- Interactor
- C. carneae1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- population of C. carneae1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- except Endusilfau treated plotse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e1“population of C. carnea were increased in all treatments after third spray except Endusilfau treated plots”
Claim · model-written summary
After the third spray, parasitization rate by T. chilonis increased in all treatments except Profenofos.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- all treatmente1
- Interactor
- T. chilonisTrichogramma chilonise1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- parasitization rate by T. chilonise1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- except Profenofose1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e1“parasitization rate by T. chilonis increased in all treatment except Profenofos”
Claim · model-written summary
In Profenofos plots, parasitization rate by T. chilonis fell from 12.00 percent to 8.00 percent after the third spray.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Profenofose1
- Interactor
- T. chilonisTrichogramma chilonise1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- parasitization rate by T. chilonise1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 12.00 percent to 8.00 percente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e1“parasitization rate by T. chilonis increased in all treatment except Profenofos that reduced from 12.00 percent to 8.00 percent after third spray”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed cotton yield was maximum, 3200 Kg/ hectare, in plots where Thiodicarb and Spinosad were applied.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- Thiodicarb and Spinosade1
- Outcome
- Yield of seed cottone1
- Direction
- maximume1
- Value
- 3200 Kg/ hectaree1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Yield of seed cotton was found maximum 3200 Kg/ hectare in these plots where Thiodicarb and Spinosad were applied”
Claim · model-written summary
Indoxacarb-treated plots gave the next highest seed cotton yield, 2800 Kg per hectare.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Indoxacarbe1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- next higheste1
- Value
- 2800 Kge1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e1“next highest yield was obtained in Indoxacarb and Cypermethrin treated plots, showing a yield of 2800 Kg and 2400 Kg/ hectare, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Cypermethrin-treated plots gave a seed cotton yield of 2400 Kg per hectare, the next highest after Indoxacarb.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Cypermethrine1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- next higheste1
- Value
- 2400 Kg/ hectaree1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“cotton”
e1“next highest yield was obtained in Indoxacarb and Cypermethrin treated plots, showing a yield of 2800 Kg and 2400 Kg/ hectare, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed cotton yield did not differ between Endosulfan-treated plots and the control plot.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- Endosulfane1
- Outcome
- yield of seed cottone1
- Direction
- no differencee1
- Comparator
- control plote1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“there was no difference in the yield of seed cotton between Endosulfan and Profenofos, treated compared to control plot”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed cotton yield did not differ between Profenofos-treated plots and the control plot.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- Profenofose1
- Outcome
- yield of seed cottone1
- Direction
- no differencee1
- Comparator
- control plote1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“there was no difference in the yield of seed cotton between Endosulfan and Profenofos, treated compared to control plot”
The same questions in other papers
endosulfan · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results differ
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →thiodicarb · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
profenofos · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →indoxacarb · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
cypermethrin · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →spinosad · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
10 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →application · pest · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
35 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
45 papers more in this group
See all 49 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.