Abstract
In some parts of the boll weevil's, Anthonomus grandis grandis (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), distribution from the United States to Argentina, insecticides are applied after cut-out (end of square production) when bolls are the predominant stage of fruiting body. This study demonstrates that the standard spray regime in southern Texas, which involves insecticide applications after cut-out, did not result in more bolls than a nonsprayed control. An alternative "proactive" spray regime focusing on protecting large squares before cut-out resulted in 1.9- to 2.5-fold more bolls in the lower half of the canopies than the control. At one of two experimental field locations, the percentage of damaged boll carpels was 3-fold greater in the standard spray regime's lower canopy than in the proactive spray regime, and the percentage in the control was 1.6-fold greater than in the standard regime. At both experimental field locations, the upper canopy control had 2.1- to 2.3-fold greater percentages of carpel damage than the proactive spray regime. The standard spray regime resulted in 2.3-fold greater percentage of carpel damage than the proactive regime. In the control and the standard spray regime, percentages of upper canopy nondamaged bolls were mostly lower than or not different from percentages of bolls with one, two, three, or all four carpels damaged, but in the proactive regime, percentage of nondamaged bolls in the upper canopy was greater than percentages of bolls with one or more damaged carpels. Reasons for the ineffectiveness of the standard spray regime and the benefits observed in the proactive approach are discussed.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Standard spray did not yield more bolls than no spraying.
- Taxon
- Cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- standard spray regimee0
- Outcome
- bollse0
- Direction
- did not result in moree0
- Comparator
- nonsprayed controle0
- Setting
- southern Texase0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the standard spray regime in southern Texas, which involves insecticide applications after cut-out, did not result in more bolls than a nonsprayed control”
t0“Cotton Bolls”
Claim · model-written summary
Proactive spraying produced 1.9- to 2.5-fold more lower-canopy bolls than the control.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- "proactive" spray regimee0
- Outcome
- bolls in the lower half of the canopiese0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 1.9- to 2.5-folde0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“"proactive" spray regime focusing on protecting large squares before cut-out resulted in 1.9- to 2.5-fold more bolls in the lower half of the canopies than the control”
t0“Cotton Bolls”
Claim · model-written summary
At one site, lower-canopy carpel damage under standard spraying was threefold that under proactive spraying.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- standard spray regimee0
- Outcome
- percentage of damaged boll carpelse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 3-folde0
- Comparator
- proactive spray regimee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the percentage of damaged boll carpels was 3-fold greater in the standard spray regime's lower canopy than in the proactive spray regime”
t0“Cotton Bolls”
Claim · model-written summary
At one site, control carpel damage was 1.6-fold that of standard spraying.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- controle0
- Outcome
- percentagee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 1.6-folde0
- Comparator
- standard regimee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the percentage in the control was 1.6-fold greater than in the standard regime”
t0“Cotton Bolls”
Claim · model-written summary
Across both sites, upper-canopy control damage exceeded proactive spraying by 2.1- to 2.3-fold.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- controle0
- Outcome
- percentages of carpel damagee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 2.1- to 2.3-folde0
- Comparator
- proactive spray regimee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the upper canopy control had 2.1- to 2.3-fold greater percentages of carpel damage than the proactive spray regime”
t0“Cotton Bolls”
Claim · model-written summary
Standard spraying had 2.3-fold more carpel damage than proactive spraying.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- standard spray regimee0
- Outcome
- percentage of carpel damagee0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 2.3-folde0
- Comparator
- proactive regimee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The standard spray regime resulted in 2.3-fold greater percentage of carpel damage than the proactive regime”
t0“Cotton Bolls”
Claim · model-written summary
Undamaged upper-canopy bolls were comparatively less frequent under control and standard spraying.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- percentages of upper canopy nondamaged bollse0
- Direction
- lower than or not different frome0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the control and the standard spray regime, percentages of upper canopy nondamaged bolls were mostly lower than or not different from percentages of bolls with one, two, three, or all four carpels damaged”
t0“Cotton Bolls”
Claim · model-written summary
Under proactive spraying, undamaged bolls exceeded bolls with damaged carpels.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- percentage of nondamaged bollse0
- Direction
- greatere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the proactive regime, percentage of nondamaged bolls in the upper canopy was greater than percentages of bolls with one or more damaged carpels”
t0“Cotton Bolls”
The same questions in other papers
application · pest · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 36 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
45 papers more in this group
See all 49 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.