Abstract
Background: The repeated use of conventional insecticides to combat the sucking pests resulted in development of resistance to insecticides. Now, several newer insecticides with their novel mode of action are very effective at lower doses against target pests and safe to natural enemies. Methods: The experiment was conducted during kharif, 2018 in a randomized block design (RBD) with 9 treatments including the untreated control and 3 replications.The observations on population of aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch, leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris) and whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn) were recorded early in the morning from (10 cm terminal shoot) for aphid and from three leaves, viz., one each from top, middle and lower canopy of the plant for leafhopper and whitefly one day before and 1, 3, 7 and 15 days after application of insecticides in both the sprays. Result: Out of eight insectcides evaluated against aphid, leaf hopper and whitefly imidacloprid 0.005 per cent was found most effective followed by thiamethoxam 0.005 per cent and acetamiprid 0.004 per cent in terms of per cent reduction in the population and seed yield. Azadirachtin 1.5 ml/l and malathion 0.05 per cent were least effective against these insect pests. The highest benefit cost ratio of 18.48 was obtained from imidacloprid 0.005 per cent treated plots followed by thiamethoxam 0.005 per cent (17.30), acetamiprid 0.004 per cent (9.73) and dimethote 0.03 per cent (7.42), vis-à vis, lowest (1.62) in the chlorantraniliprole 0.005 per cent treated plots.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
imidacloprid 0.005 per cent ranked most effective for pest population reduction and seed yield
- Taxon
- Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (Linn.) Walp.]
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Treatment
- imidacloprid 0.005 per cente0
- Interactor
- aphide0pest
- Outcome
- per cent reduction in the population and seed yielde0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Out of eight insectcides evaluated against aphid, leaf hopper and whitefly imidacloprid 0.005 per cent was found most effective followed by thiamethoxam 0.005 per cent and acetamiprid 0.004 per cent in terms of per cent reduction in the population and seed yield.”
t0“Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (Linn.) Walp.]”
Claim · model-written summary
thiamethoxam 0.005 per cent ranked followed by for pest population reduction and seed yield
- Taxon
- Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (Linn.) Walp.]Vigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- thiamethoxam 0.005 per cente0
- Interactor
- aphide0pest
- Outcome
- per cent reduction in the population and seed yielde0
- Direction
- followed bye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Out of eight insectcides evaluated against aphid, leaf hopper and whitefly imidacloprid 0.005 per cent was found most effective followed by thiamethoxam 0.005 per cent and acetamiprid 0.004 per cent in terms of per cent reduction in the population and seed yield.”
t0“Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (Linn.) Walp.]”
Claim · model-written summary
acetamiprid 0.004 per cent ranked followed by for pest population reduction and seed yield
- Taxon
- Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (Linn.) Walp.]Vigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- acetamiprid 0.004 per cente0
- Interactor
- aphide0pest
- Outcome
- per cent reduction in the population and seed yielde0
- Direction
- followed bye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Out of eight insectcides evaluated against aphid, leaf hopper and whitefly imidacloprid 0.005 per cent was found most effective followed by thiamethoxam 0.005 per cent and acetamiprid 0.004 per cent in terms of per cent reduction in the population and seed yield.”
t0“Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (Linn.) Walp.]”
Claim · model-written summary
Azadirachtin 1.5 ml/l was among the least effective against the insect pests
- Taxon
- Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (Linn.) Walp.]Vigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Azadirachtin 1.5 ml/le0
- Outcome
- least effective against these insect pestse0
- Direction
- least effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Azadirachtin 1.5 ml/l and malathion 0.05 per cent were least effective against these insect pests.”
t0“Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (Linn.) Walp.]”
Claim · model-written summary
malathion 0.05 per cent was among the least effective against the insect pests
- Taxon
- Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (Linn.) Walp.]Vigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- malathion 0.05 per cente0
- Outcome
- least effective against these insect pestse0
- Direction
- least effectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Azadirachtin 1.5 ml/l and malathion 0.05 per cent were least effective against these insect pests.”
t0“Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (Linn.) Walp.]”
Claim · model-written summary
imidacloprid 0.005 per cent yielded a benefit cost ratio of 18.48
- Taxon
- Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (Linn.) Walp.]Vigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- imidacloprid 0.005 per cente0
- Outcome
- benefit cost ratioe0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 18.48e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest benefit cost ratio of 18.48 was obtained from imidacloprid 0.005 per cent treated plots followed by thiamethoxam 0.005 per cent (17.30), acetamiprid 0.004 per cent (9.73) and dimethote 0.03 per cent (7.42), vis-à vis, lowest (1.62) in the chlorantraniliprole 0.005 per cent treated plots.”
t0“Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (Linn.) Walp.]”
Claim · model-written summary
thiamethoxam 0.005 per cent yielded a benefit cost ratio of 17.30
- Taxon
- Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (Linn.) Walp.]Vigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- thiamethoxam 0.005 per cente0
- Outcome
- benefit cost ratioe0
- Direction
- followed bye0
- Value
- 17.30e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest benefit cost ratio of 18.48 was obtained from imidacloprid 0.005 per cent treated plots followed by thiamethoxam 0.005 per cent (17.30), acetamiprid 0.004 per cent (9.73) and dimethote 0.03 per cent (7.42), vis-à vis, lowest (1.62) in the chlorantraniliprole 0.005 per cent treated plots.”
t0“Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (Linn.) Walp.]”
Claim · model-written summary
acetamiprid 0.004 per cent yielded a benefit cost ratio of 9.73
- Taxon
- Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (Linn.) Walp.]Vigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- acetamiprid 0.004 per cente0
- Outcome
- benefit cost ratioe0
- Direction
- followed bye0
- Value
- 9.73e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest benefit cost ratio of 18.48 was obtained from imidacloprid 0.005 per cent treated plots followed by thiamethoxam 0.005 per cent (17.30), acetamiprid 0.004 per cent (9.73) and dimethote 0.03 per cent (7.42), vis-à vis, lowest (1.62) in the chlorantraniliprole 0.005 per cent treated plots.”
t0“Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (Linn.) Walp.]”
Claim · model-written summary
dimethote 0.03 per cent yielded a benefit cost ratio of 7.42
- Taxon
- Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (Linn.) Walp.]Vigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- dimethote 0.03 per cente0
- Outcome
- benefit cost ratioe0
- Direction
- followed bye0
- Value
- 7.42e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest benefit cost ratio of 18.48 was obtained from imidacloprid 0.005 per cent treated plots followed by thiamethoxam 0.005 per cent (17.30), acetamiprid 0.004 per cent (9.73) and dimethote 0.03 per cent (7.42), vis-à vis, lowest (1.62) in the chlorantraniliprole 0.005 per cent treated plots.”
t0“Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (Linn.) Walp.]”
Claim · model-written summary
chlorantraniliprole 0.005 per cent yielded a benefit cost ratio of 1.62
- Taxon
- Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (Linn.) Walp.]Vigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- chlorantraniliprole 0.005 per cente0
- Outcome
- benefit cost ratioe0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 1.62e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest benefit cost ratio of 18.48 was obtained from imidacloprid 0.005 per cent treated plots followed by thiamethoxam 0.005 per cent (17.30), acetamiprid 0.004 per cent (9.73) and dimethote 0.03 per cent (7.42), vis-à vis, lowest (1.62) in the chlorantraniliprole 0.005 per cent treated plots.”
t0“Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (Linn.) Walp.]”
The same questions in other papers
malathion · pest · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
azadirachtin · pest · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
acetamiprid · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →imidacloprid · pest · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →acetamiprid · pest · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
thiamethoxam · pest · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
chlorantraniliprole · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →thiamethoxam · yield · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.