Abstract
The present investigation was conducted at El-Serw Experimental Agricultural Research Station (ARC) during the summer seasons of 2007 and 2008 to study the effect of spraying plant extracts on seed yield, quality and insect infestation of cow pea cultivars. The study included four cow pea cultivars i.e. Buff, Cream, Brabham and Local and four spraying treatments (black pepper seed extract, neem seed extract, Malathion 57 % pesticide and control (without spray). Seeds of each plot were stored for 3 and 6 months after harvest. The experimental design was arranged in strip plot design with three replicates. Buff cultivar surpassed the other cultivars in total fresh forage and dry yields, seed yield, germination percentage and the lowest values of insect infestation and seed dry weight loss. The same cultivar maintained its superiority in crude protein, tannins, total phenols and vicine contents. Spraying with Malathion 57 % gave the highest values of germination percentage and the lowest values of insect infestation and seed dry weight loss. The same treatment gave the highest values of chemical constituents. The germination percentage of cow pea seeds were decreased and insect infestation percentage and seed dry weight loss were increased as the storage period increased from zero to 6 months. Increasing the storage period from harvest to 6 month, reduced gradually total carbohydrates, tannins, total phenols and vicine and increased crude protein content. Insect infestation and seed dry weight losses had significantly negative correlation with seed contents of tannins, total phenols, vicine as well as germination percentage. The results revealed that, spraying cultivar Buff plants during flowering and pod filling stages with neem and black pepper seed extracts could substitute the spraying Malathion 57% to protect cow pea seed from weevils’ infestation and hold seed quality for six month.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Buff had the highest forage and seed yields and germination among cultivars.
- Taxon
- cow pea
Vigna unguiculatae1 - Material
- Buffe0
- Outcome
- total fresh forage and dry yields, seed yield, germination percentagee0
- Direction
- surpassede0
- Comparator
- other cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Buff cultivar surpassed the other cultivars in total fresh forage and dry yields, seed yield, germination percentage”
e1“four cow pea cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Buff had the lowest insect infestation and seed dry weight loss among cultivars.
- Taxon
- cow peaVigna unguiculatae1
- Material
- Buffe0
- Outcome
- insect infestation and seed dry weight losse0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Comparator
- other cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Buff cultivar surpassed the other cultivars in total fresh forage and dry yields, seed yield, germination percentage and the lowest values of insect infestation and seed dry weight loss”
e1“four cow pea cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Buff had superior crude protein, tannin, phenol and vicine contents.
- Taxon
- cow peaVigna unguiculatae2
- Material
- Buffe1
- Outcome
- crude protein, tannins, total phenols and vicine contentse0
- Direction
- superioritye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The same cultivar maintained its superiority in crude protein, tannins, total phenols and vicine contents”
e1“Buff cultivar”
e2“four cow pea cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Malathion spray gave the highest germination percentage.
- Taxon
- cow peaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- Malathion 57 %e0
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spraying with Malathion 57 % gave the highest values of germination percentage”
e1“cow pea seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Malathion spray gave the lowest insect infestation and seed dry weight loss.
- Taxon
- cow peaVigna unguiculatae1
- Treatment
- Malathion 57 %e0
- Outcome
- insect infestation and seed dry weight losse0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spraying with Malathion 57 % gave the highest values of germination percentage and the lowest values of insect infestation and seed dry weight loss”
e1“cow pea seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Malathion spray gave the highest chemical constituent values.
- Taxon
- cow peaVigna unguiculatae2
- Treatment
- Malathion 57 %e1
- Outcome
- chemical constituentse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The same treatment gave the highest values of chemical constituents”
e1“Spraying with Malathion 57 %”
e2“cow pea seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination percentage declined as storage increased from zero to six months.
- Taxon
- cow peaVigna unguiculatae0
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Setting
- storage periode1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The germination percentage of cow pea seeds were decreased”
e1“as the storage period increased from zero to 6 months”
Claim · model-written summary
Insect infestation and seed dry weight loss increased with storage duration.
- Taxon
- cow peaVigna unguiculatae1
- Outcome
- insect infestation percentage and seed dry weight losse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- storage periode0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“insect infestation percentage and seed dry weight loss were increased as the storage period increased from zero to 6 months”
e1“cow pea seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Total carbohydrates, tannins, total phenols and vicine declined during six months of storage.
- Taxon
- cow peaVigna unguiculatae1
- Outcome
- total carbohydrates, tannins, total phenols and vicinee0
- Direction
- reduced graduallye0
- Setting
- storage period from harvest to 6 monthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the storage period from harvest to 6 month, reduced gradually total carbohydrates, tannins, total phenols and vicine”
e1“cow pea seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Crude protein content increased during six months of storage.
- Taxon
- cow peaVigna unguiculatae1
- Outcome
- crude protein contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- storage period from harvest to 6 monthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increasing the storage period from harvest to 6 month, reduced gradually total carbohydrates, tannins, total phenols and vicine and increased crude protein content”
e1“cow pea seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Insect infestation and seed weight loss correlated negatively with tannin, phenol and vicine contents and germination.
- Taxon
- cow peaVigna unguiculatae1
- Compound
- tannins, total phenols, vicinee0
- Outcome
- Insect infestation and seed dry weight lossese0
- Direction
- negative correlatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Insect infestation and seed dry weight losses had significantly negative correlation with seed contents of tannins, total phenols, vicine as well as germination percentage”
e1“cow pea seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose neem and black pepper seed extracts on flowering and pod-filling Buff as substitutes for Malathion to protect stored cowpea seeds for six months.
- Taxon
- cow peaVigna unguiculatae0
- Material
- Buffe0
- Treatment
- neem and black pepper seed extractse0
- Interactor
- weevilsCurculionidaee0pest
- Outcome
- protect cow pea seed from weevils’ infestation and hold seed quality for six monthe0
- Comparator
- Malathion 57%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spraying cultivar Buff plants during flowering and pod filling stages with neem and black pepper seed extracts could substitute the spraying Malathion 57% to protect cow pea seed from weevils’ infestation and hold seed quality for six month”
The same questions in other papers
malathion · pest · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.