Abstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), a widely cultivated grain legume in Nepal and a member of the Fabaceae family, faces significant production challenges due to the legume pod borer (Maruca vitrata). This pest is a major threat, limiting both the yield and productivity of cowpea crops. The research was laid out in Randomised Completely Block Design with seven treatments and three replications. The treatments comprise chlorantraniripole 18.5% SC, emamectin benzoate 5% SG, spinotoram 11.7% SC, dimethoate 30% EC, azadiractin 0.07 % EC and BT+ Saccharopolyspora spinosa and control. Chlorantraniliprole demonstrated the highest effectiveness, reducing larval populations to just 0.16 after the fourth application, while achieving the maximum fruit yield of 13 t/ha. Emamectin and spinetoram also performed well, both decreasing larval counts to below 1.0 and producing comparable yields of 12.90 t/ha and 12.89 t/ha, respectively. In contrast, biological treatments, such as Bacillus thuringiensis var. Kurstaki, exhibited moderate success in pest control, resulting in a lower yield of 10.19 t/ha. Azadirachtin and the untreated control plots experienced the highest infestation rates, leading to significantly lower yields of 8.04 t/ha and 4.70 t/ha, respectively. Chlorantraniliprole also proved superior in reducing fruit damage, limiting it to just 1.55%, compared to the high damage rate of 42.04% observed in the untreated control. These findings highlight the strong efficacy of chemical insecticides, especially chlorantraniliprole, in controlling Maruca vitrata infestations and enhancing cowpea productivity. Future studies should focus on integrating biological agents with chemical treatments to minimize environmental impacts and prevent resistance, while maintaining high yields and effective pest control.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorantraniliprole reduced Maruca vitrata larval populations on cowpea to 0.16 after the fourth application, the highest effectiveness among the treatments.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatat0 - Treatment
- Chlorantraniliprolee0
- Interactor
- Maruca vitrata
Maruca vitratat0pest - Outcome
- larval populationse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 0.16e0
- Qualifier
- after the fourth applicatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorantraniliprole demonstrated the highest effectiveness, reducing larval populations to just 0.16 after the fourth application, while achieving the maximum fruit yield of 13 t/ha”
t0“Maruca vitrata Fab. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorantraniliprole gave the maximum cowpea fruit yield of 13 t/ha.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Chlorantraniliprolee0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 13 t/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorantraniliprole demonstrated the highest effectiveness, reducing larval populations to just 0.16 after the fourth application, while achieving the maximum fruit yield of 13 t/ha”
t0“Maruca vitrata Fab. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin decreased Maruca vitrata larval counts on cowpea to below 1.0.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Emamectine0
- Interactor
- Maruca vitrataMaruca vitratat0pest
- Outcome
- larval countse0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Value
- below 1.0e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Emamectin and spinetoram also performed well, both decreasing larval counts to below 1.0 and producing comparable yields of 12.90 t/ha and 12.89 t/ha, respectively”
t0“Maruca vitrata Fab. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinetoram decreased Maruca vitrata larval counts on cowpea to below 1.0.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- spinetorame0
- Interactor
- Maruca vitrataMaruca vitratat0pest
- Outcome
- larval countse0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Value
- below 1.0e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Emamectin and spinetoram also performed well, both decreasing larval counts to below 1.0 and producing comparable yields of 12.90 t/ha and 12.89 t/ha, respectively”
t0“Maruca vitrata Fab. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Emamectin produced a cowpea yield of 12.90 t/ha, comparable to the best treatment.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Emamectine0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Value
- 12.90 t/hae0
- Qualifier
- comparablee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Emamectin and spinetoram also performed well, both decreasing larval counts to below 1.0 and producing comparable yields of 12.90 t/ha and 12.89 t/ha, respectively”
t0“Maruca vitrata Fab. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinetoram produced a cowpea yield of 12.89 t/ha, comparable to the best treatment.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- spinetorame0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Value
- 12.89 t/hae0
- Qualifier
- comparablee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Emamectin and spinetoram also performed well, both decreasing larval counts to below 1.0 and producing comparable yields of 12.90 t/ha and 12.89 t/ha, respectively”
t0“Maruca vitrata Fab. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Biological treatments such as Bacillus thuringiensis var. Kurstaki gave only moderate success in controlling Maruca vitrata on cowpea.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Bacillus thuringiensis var. Kurstakie0
- Interactor
- Maruca vitrataMaruca vitratat0pest
- Outcome
- moderate success in pest controle0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biological treatments, such as Bacillus thuringiensis var. Kurstaki, exhibited moderate success in pest control, resulting in a lower yield of 10.19 t/ha”
t0“Maruca vitrata Fab. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacillus thuringiensis var. Kurstaki treatment resulted in a lower cowpea yield of 10.19 t/ha.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Bacillus thuringiensis var. Kurstakie0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 10.19 t/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“biological treatments, such as Bacillus thuringiensis var. Kurstaki, exhibited moderate success in pest control, resulting in a lower yield of 10.19 t/ha”
t0“Maruca vitrata Fab. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Azadirachtin-treated cowpea plots had among the highest Maruca vitrata infestation rates.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Azadirachtine0
- Interactor
- Maruca vitrataMaruca vitratat0pest
- Outcome
- infestation ratese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Azadirachtin and the untreated control plots experienced the highest infestation rates, leading to significantly lower yields of 8.04 t/ha and 4.70 t/ha, respectively”
t0“Maruca vitrata Fab. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Azadirachtin-treated cowpea plots had significantly lower yield, 8.04 t/ha.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Azadirachtine0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 8.04 t/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Azadirachtin and the untreated control plots experienced the highest infestation rates, leading to significantly lower yields of 8.04 t/ha and 4.70 t/ha, respectively”
t0“Maruca vitrata Fab. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated control cowpea plots had among the highest Maruca vitrata infestation rates.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Interactor
- Maruca vitrataMaruca vitratat0pest
- Outcome
- infestation ratese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Azadirachtin and the untreated control plots experienced the highest infestation rates, leading to significantly lower yields of 8.04 t/ha and 4.70 t/ha, respectively”
t0“Maruca vitrata Fab. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated control cowpea plots had significantly lower yield, 4.70 t/ha.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 4.70 t/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Azadirachtin and the untreated control plots experienced the highest infestation rates, leading to significantly lower yields of 8.04 t/ha and 4.70 t/ha, respectively”
t0“Maruca vitrata Fab. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorantraniliprole limited cowpea fruit damage to 1.55%, compared with 42.04% in the untreated control.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Treatment
- Chlorantraniliprolee0
- Outcome
- fruit damagee0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 1.55%e0
- Qualifier
- 42.04%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorantraniliprole also proved superior in reducing fruit damage, limiting it to just 1.55%, compared to the high damage rate of 42.04% observed in the untreated control”
t0“Maruca vitrata Fab. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on cowpea”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend future studies integrate biological agents with chemical treatments to minimize environmental impacts and prevent resistance.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatat0
- Outcome
- integrating biological agents with chemical treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Future studies should focus on integrating biological agents with chemical treatments to minimize environmental impacts and prevent resistance”
t0“Maruca vitrata Fab. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on cowpea”
The same questions in other papers
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azadirachtin · Maruca vitrata · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Positive and negative results
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See all 5 papers →chlorantraniliprole · Maruca vitrata · Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.