Abstract
Adjusting the planting date is a low-cost and easy way to overcome the effects of water stress. A two-year field study was conducted to consider the effect of planting dates on biochemical and physiological characteristics and yield of safflower under water stress. Treatments consisted of irrigation regime (normal irrigation, and irrigation cut-off at flowering and seed filling stages), planting date (6 and 26 December and 15 January) and safflower cultivar (Goldasht and Isfahan). Irrigation cut-off at flowering and seed filling decreased total chlorophyll between 7.5 to 28.4 % while carotenoid content, catalase and peroxidase reached the highest amount on 6 and 26 Dec. Under irrigation cut-off at flowering, the relative water content (RWC) of Goldasht on 26 Dec planting date was more than Isfahan between 10.8 to 11.7%. Although irrigation cut-off at flowering increased the canopy temperature, Goldasht on 26 Dec had the lowest canopy temperature. In Goldasht on 26 Dec planting date, the seed yield decreased between 21.4 to 31.0% under irrigation cut-off which was less than the other planting dates. The dry matter remobilization and remobilization efficiency due to higher mean temperatures and evaporation in the first year was more than the second year. A positive relationship was observed between seed yield with total chlorophyll, RWC, number of seed per capitula, remobilization efficiency and water use efficiency. Overall, 26 Dec planting date was the optimum planting date especially in Goldasht, but a late planting date could not mitigate the negative effect of water stress.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation cut-off at flowering and seed filling decreased total chlorophyll of safflower by 7.5 to 28.4 %.
- Taxon
- safflower
Carthamus tinctoriuse0 - Treatment
- irrigation cut-off at flowering and seed fillinge1
- Outcome
- total chlorophylle1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 7.5 to 28.4 %e1
- Comparator
- normal irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A two-year field study was conducted to consider the effect of planting dates on biochemical and physiological characteristics and yield of safflower under water stress. Treatments consisted of irrigation regime (normal irrigation, and irrigation cut-off at flowering and seed filling stages), planting date (6 and 26 December and 15 January) and safflower cultivar (Goldasht and Isfahan)”
e1“Irrigation cut-off at flowering and seed filling decreased total chlorophyll between 7.5 to 28.4 % while carotenoid content, catalase and peroxidase reached the highest amount on 6 and 26 Dec”
Claim · model-written summary
Carotenoid content, catalase and peroxidase of safflower reached their highest amount on 6 and 26 December.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Outcome
- carotenoid content, catalase and peroxidasee1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Qualifier
- on 6 and 26 Dece1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A two-year field study was conducted to consider the effect of planting dates on biochemical and physiological characteristics and yield of safflower under water stress. Treatments consisted of irrigation regime (normal irrigation, and irrigation cut-off at flowering and seed filling stages), planting date (6 and 26 December and 15 January) and safflower cultivar (Goldasht and Isfahan)”
e1“Irrigation cut-off at flowering and seed filling decreased total chlorophyll between 7.5 to 28.4 % while carotenoid content, catalase and peroxidase reached the highest amount on 6 and 26 Dec”
Claim · model-written summary
Under irrigation cut-off at flowering, the relative water content of Goldasht on 26 December was higher than that of Isfahan by 10.8 to 11.7%.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Material
- Goldashte2
- Treatment
- irrigation cut-off at floweringe2
- Outcome
- relative water content (RWC)e2
- Direction
- moree2
- Value
- 10.8 to 11.7%e2
- Comparator
- Isfahane2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A two-year field study was conducted to consider the effect of planting dates on biochemical and physiological characteristics and yield of safflower under water stress. Treatments consisted of irrigation regime (normal irrigation, and irrigation cut-off at flowering and seed filling stages), planting date (6 and 26 December and 15 January) and safflower cultivar (Goldasht and Isfahan)”
e2“Under irrigation cut-off at flowering, the relative water content (RWC) of Goldasht on 26 Dec planting date was more than Isfahan between 10.8 to 11.7%”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation cut-off at flowering increased the canopy temperature of safflower.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- irrigation cut-off at floweringe3
- Outcome
- canopy temperaturee3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A two-year field study was conducted to consider the effect of planting dates on biochemical and physiological characteristics and yield of safflower under water stress. Treatments consisted of irrigation regime (normal irrigation, and irrigation cut-off at flowering and seed filling stages), planting date (6 and 26 December and 15 January) and safflower cultivar (Goldasht and Isfahan)”
e3“Although irrigation cut-off at flowering increased the canopy temperature, Goldasht on 26 Dec had the lowest canopy temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Goldasht on 26 December had the lowest canopy temperature of the safflower treatments.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Material
- Goldashte3
- Outcome
- canopy temperaturee3
- Direction
- loweste3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A two-year field study was conducted to consider the effect of planting dates on biochemical and physiological characteristics and yield of safflower under water stress. Treatments consisted of irrigation regime (normal irrigation, and irrigation cut-off at flowering and seed filling stages), planting date (6 and 26 December and 15 January) and safflower cultivar (Goldasht and Isfahan)”
e3“Although irrigation cut-off at flowering increased the canopy temperature, Goldasht on 26 Dec had the lowest canopy temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Under irrigation cut-off, seed yield of Goldasht sown on 26 December decreased by 21.4 to 31.0%, less than the other planting dates.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Material
- Goldashte4
- Treatment
- irrigation cut-offe4
- Outcome
- seed yielde4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Value
- 21.4 to 31.0%e4
- Comparator
- the other planting datese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A two-year field study was conducted to consider the effect of planting dates on biochemical and physiological characteristics and yield of safflower under water stress. Treatments consisted of irrigation regime (normal irrigation, and irrigation cut-off at flowering and seed filling stages), planting date (6 and 26 December and 15 January) and safflower cultivar (Goldasht and Isfahan)”
e4“In Goldasht on 26 Dec planting date, the seed yield decreased between 21.4 to 31.0% under irrigation cut-off which was less than the other planting dates”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry matter remobilization and remobilization efficiency of safflower were higher in the first year than in the second year.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Outcome
- dry matter remobilization and remobilization efficiencye5
- Direction
- moree5
- Qualifier
- higher mean temperatures and evaporation in the first yeare5
- Comparator
- second yeare5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A two-year field study was conducted to consider the effect of planting dates on biochemical and physiological characteristics and yield of safflower under water stress. Treatments consisted of irrigation regime (normal irrigation, and irrigation cut-off at flowering and seed filling stages), planting date (6 and 26 December and 15 January) and safflower cultivar (Goldasht and Isfahan)”
e5“The dry matter remobilization and remobilization efficiency due to higher mean temperatures and evaporation in the first year was more than the second year”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield of safflower was positively related to total chlorophyll, RWC and number of seeds per capitulum.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Outcome
- seed yielde6
- Direction
- positivee6
- Qualifier
- total chlorophyll, RWC, number of seed per capitulae6
- Setting
- fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A two-year field study was conducted to consider the effect of planting dates on biochemical and physiological characteristics and yield of safflower under water stress. Treatments consisted of irrigation regime (normal irrigation, and irrigation cut-off at flowering and seed filling stages), planting date (6 and 26 December and 15 January) and safflower cultivar (Goldasht and Isfahan)”
e6“A positive relationship was observed between seed yield with total chlorophyll, RWC, number of seed per capitula, remobilization efficiency and water use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield of safflower was positively related to remobilization efficiency and water use efficiency.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Outcome
- seed yielde6
- Direction
- positivee6
- Qualifier
- remobilization efficiency and water use efficiencye6
- Setting
- fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A two-year field study was conducted to consider the effect of planting dates on biochemical and physiological characteristics and yield of safflower under water stress. Treatments consisted of irrigation regime (normal irrigation, and irrigation cut-off at flowering and seed filling stages), planting date (6 and 26 December and 15 January) and safflower cultivar (Goldasht and Isfahan)”
e6“A positive relationship was observed between seed yield with total chlorophyll, RWC, number of seed per capitula, remobilization efficiency and water use efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
The 26 December planting date is recommended as the optimum planting date for safflower, especially Goldasht.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Material
- Goldashte7
- Treatment
- 26 Dec planting datee7
- Outcome
- optimum planting datee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A two-year field study was conducted to consider the effect of planting dates on biochemical and physiological characteristics and yield of safflower under water stress. Treatments consisted of irrigation regime (normal irrigation, and irrigation cut-off at flowering and seed filling stages), planting date (6 and 26 December and 15 January) and safflower cultivar (Goldasht and Isfahan)”
e7“Overall, 26 Dec planting date was the optimum planting date especially in Goldasht, but a late planting date could not mitigate the negative effect of water stress”
Claim · model-written summary
A late planting date could not mitigate the negative effect of water stress on safflower.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- late planting datee7
- Outcome
- negative effect of water stresse7
- Qualifier
- could not mitigatee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A two-year field study was conducted to consider the effect of planting dates on biochemical and physiological characteristics and yield of safflower under water stress. Treatments consisted of irrigation regime (normal irrigation, and irrigation cut-off at flowering and seed filling stages), planting date (6 and 26 December and 15 January) and safflower cultivar (Goldasht and Isfahan)”
e7“Overall, 26 Dec planting date was the optimum planting date especially in Goldasht, but a late planting date could not mitigate the negative effect of water stress”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.