Abstract
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is an important oil seed crop, essential as vegetable oil for humans and feed for livestock. The experiment was conducted in a split plot design to study the effects of foliar application of nano urea and urea on safflower growth and development. The results showed that application of 100% nitrogen in the form of urea topdressing at vegetative stage and foliar spray of nano urea twice at flowering and seed filling stages significantly improved the physiological parameters viz. plant height (cm), primary branches of safflower. The CSI, RWC, Seed yield (kg/ha), 100 seed weight (g) and hull content (%) of safflower also significantly improved with 100% N and foliar spray of nano urea twice at flowering and seed filling stages. The result from the study suggests that application of urea as split doses and foliar spray of nano urea at reproductive stage is beneficial for the crop and will improve seed yield and oil quality of safflower. Foliar application of nano urea improves the nutrient uptake by the crop through its slow and controlled release of nutrients. It also helps in reducing environmental pollution due to leaching of fertilizers.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Full nitrogen topdressing with two nano urea sprays significantly improved plant height and primary branches.
- Taxon
- safflower
Carthamus tinctoriuse0 - Treatment
- 100% nitrogen in the form of urea topdressing at vegetative stage and foliar spray of nano urea twice at flowering and seed filling stagese0
- Outcome
- plant height (cm), primary branchese0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of 100% nitrogen in the form of urea topdressing at vegetative stage and foliar spray of nano urea twice at flowering and seed filling stages significantly improved the physiological parameters viz. plant height (cm), primary branches of safflower”
Claim · model-written summary
The same fertilizer program significantly improved CSI and RWC.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- 100% N and foliar spray of nano urea twice at flowering and seed filling stagese0
- Outcome
- CSI, RWCe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The CSI, RWC, Seed yield (kg/ha), 100 seed weight (g) and hull content (%) of safflower also significantly improved with 100% N and foliar spray of nano urea twice at flowering and seed filling stages”
Claim · model-written summary
The same fertilizer program significantly improved seed yield and 100 seed weight.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- 100% N and foliar spray of nano urea twice at flowering and seed filling stagese0
- Outcome
- Seed yield (kg/ha), 100 seed weight (g)e0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The CSI, RWC, Seed yield (kg/ha), 100 seed weight (g) and hull content (%) of safflower also significantly improved with 100% N and foliar spray of nano urea twice at flowering and seed filling stages”
Claim · model-written summary
The same fertilizer program significantly improved hull content.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- 100% N and foliar spray of nano urea twice at flowering and seed filling stagese0
- Outcome
- hull content (%)e0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hull content (%) of safflower also significantly improved with 100% N and foliar spray of nano urea twice at flowering and seed filling stages”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend split urea doses and nano urea sprays at reproductive stage for seed yield and oil quality.
- Taxon
- safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0
- Treatment
- urea as split doses and foliar spray of nano urea at reproductive stagee0
- Outcome
- seed yield and oil qualitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of urea as split doses and foliar spray of nano urea at reproductive stage is beneficial for the crop and will improve seed yield and oil quality of safflower”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute improved crop nutrient uptake to slow and controlled nutrient release from nano urea.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Treatment
- Foliar application of nano ureae0
- Outcome
- nutrient uptakee0
- Qualifier
- slow and controlled release of nutrientse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar application of nano urea improves the nutrient uptake by the crop through its slow and controlled release of nutrients”
t0“Safflower”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors state nano urea reduces pollution from fertilizer leaching.
- Taxon
- SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
- Outcome
- reducing environmental pollutione0
- Qualifier
- leaching of fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It also helps in reducing environmental pollution due to leaching of fertilizers”
t0“Safflower”
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8 of 15 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.